불황
A period of economic decline characterized by low business activity and high unemployment; a recession.
Examples
3 of 5불황을 극복하기 위해 정부가 예산을 편성했다.
The government organized a budget to overcome the recession.
최근 출판계는 극심한 불황을 겪고 있다.
The publishing industry is experiencing a severe slump recently.
경제적 불황은 사회적 불안을 초래한다.
Economic recession causes social instability.
Word Family
Memory Tip
Bul (No) + Hwang (Bright/Prosperous) = Not prosperous.
Quick Quiz
지속되는 경기 ___으로 인해 많은 상점들이 문을 닫았다.
Correct!
The correct answer is: 불황
Examples
불황을 극복하기 위해 정부가 예산을 편성했다.
formalThe government organized a budget to overcome the recession.
최근 출판계는 극심한 불황을 겪고 있다.
businessThe publishing industry is experiencing a severe slump recently.
경제적 불황은 사회적 불안을 초래한다.
academicEconomic recession causes social instability.
요즘 불황이라 다들 힘들어 해.
informalEveryone is struggling because of the recession lately.
불황기에는 저축을 늘리는 경향이 있다.
everydayPeople tend to increase savings during a recession.
Word Family
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
불황기
recession period
만성 불황
chronic recession
불황형 소비
recession-type consumption
Often Confused With
Chimche is a broader term for stagnation, while bulhwang is specifically the opposite of 'hohwang' (boom) in the business cycle.
Usage Notes
Essential for IELTS Writing Task 1 and 2 when discussing economic trends or social issues.
Common Mistakes
Do not confuse with '불황' (not yellow), which is rarely used but exists phonetically.
Memory Tip
Bul (No) + Hwang (Bright/Prosperous) = Not prosperous.
Word Origin
From Sino-Korean 不況 (not + situation/condition).
Grammar Patterns
Cultural Context
Koreans often use the term 'IMF' to refer to the most severe bulhwang in their history.
Quick Quiz
지속되는 경기 ___으로 인해 많은 상점들이 문을 닫았다.
Correct!
The correct answer is: 불황
Related Grammar Rules
Related Vocabulary
More economy words
확장하다
B1To expand means to increase in size, range, or amount. It often refers to business growth, physical space, or the scope of an idea.
편중되다
B2To be leaned or biased towards one side; to be disproportionately concentrated in one area or group.
교환
B1The act of giving something and receiving something else of the same kind in return.
도약하다
B2To make a sudden, significant jump or advancement in level, status, or stage.
종속되다
B2To be subordinate to or dependent on something else, often used to describe power dynamics or logical relationships.
경쟁력
B2The ability of a person, company, or country to compete effectively in a given market or field. It refers to having a comparative advantage over others in terms of quality, price, or skills.
증대
B2An increase or expansion in amount, scale, or degree.
낙후되다
B2To fall behind or be underdeveloped compared to others. It is often used to describe regions, facilities, or technology that are outdated.
상회하다
B1To exceed or go above a certain number, level, or standard.
소득
B1Money received, especially on a regular basis, for work or through investments; income or earnings.
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