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Evidence that tends to disprove a proposition or theory; a counter-evidence or rebuttal.

The logical basis or grounds for an argument or belief. Evidence or reasoning used to support a claim.

Relating to quality, kind, or character rather than quantity. Often used in research to describe non-numerical data.

Relating to quantity, number, or amount. Often used in research to describe numerical data and statistical analysis.

Relating to the most basic or important part of something; fundamental or radical. Addressing the root cause rather than superficial symptoms.

To cause or trigger a particular reaction, event, or phenomenon, often unintentionally.

To investigate or examine something with great care and attention to detail. It is a higher-level word for 'investigation' often used in audits or research reviews.

To polish, refine, or revise a piece of writing to improve its quality. It is a sophisticated term for 'editing' one's own work.

The act of keeping, holding, or retaining a state, record, or position. Often used for data retention or maintaining a physical state.

The act of investigating or exploring a matter deeply to uncover the truth or essence of something. Often used in scientific or philosophical contexts.