故障

To cause a device or system to start working; to cause a sudden reaction or event.

To replace or supersede something. It describes the process where a new thing takes the place of an old one, common in technological evolution discussions.

To keep or save data, information, or materials in a specific place for future use, especially in digital systems.

To set up, establish, or install. It can refer to physical objects, organizational departments, or digital settings.

The leading or most advanced position in a field of research, technology, or activity. Often used to describe 'cutting-edge' developments.

The natural purpose of something or the way in which a thing works. A specific task that a part of an organism or a machine performs.

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.

The abbreviation for science and technology. It refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry.

The action or process of innovating; a new method, idea, or product. It involves making changes to something established.

A regular and intelligible form or sequence discernible in certain actions or situations. In IELTS, it refers to business models, behavioral patterns, or scientific models.