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To calculate or deduce based on known conditions or laws; often used to describe simulations or logical reasoning through a complex problem.

To do something in a steady, reliable, and consistent manner without sudden changes.

The action of rising and falling; fluctuations in a trend or the physical undulation of a landscape.

To study and discuss a subject in detail, typically in a small academic group.

Forming a unified whole; logical and consistent, especially in writing or speech.

The process of thinking or a particular way of thinking; cognition.

The basic cause or origin of something, especially something bad like a problem or conflict.

The introductory part of a book, paper, or speech that sets the stage for the main content. It often explains the purpose and scope of the work.

To deduce or reason from general principles to specific conclusions. It also means to perform or play out a story or role.

Used to describe something that is easy to see, perceive, or understand without doubt. It indicates a conclusion that is logically clear from the available evidence.