公平

A transformation or change in form, appearance, or character. It is often used to describe deep social or cultural changes.

A difference or inequality between groups of people, such as in income, education, or social status. A key term for sociological discussions in IELTS.

The condition of being transparent; specifically, the requirement for openness and accountability in organizations or governments.

The trend of a declining birthrate leading to a decrease in the number of children in a population.

Harmful effects, evils, or negative consequences resulting from a particular system, habit, or situation.

Relating to society or its organization. It describes issues, status, or behaviors that affect people as a community rather than just individuals.

Very serious, grave, or critical. Often used to describe problems that have significant negative effects.

A building, equipment, or complex established for a specific purpose or service, such as public utilities, education, or healthcare.

The actual condition or reality of a situation, especially as opposed to how it is supposed to be or how it appears.

To propose or suggest an idea or policy, especially to a group or authority. It carries a nuance of making a formal recommendation for improvement.