不幸
Refers to a state of unhappiness, bad luck, or misfortune. It is also frequently used as a polite euphemism to refer to a death in someone's family or a bereavement.
Exemples
3 sur 5彼は不幸な人生を送った。
He lived an unhappy life.
突然のご不幸、心よりお悔やみ申し上げます。
I offer my deepest condolences on your sudden loss.
そんなに不幸そうな顔をしないでよ。
Don't look so miserable.
Famille de mots
Astuce mémo
The first character 不 (Fu) means 'not' and the second 幸 (Kou) means 'happiness'. Put them together: 'Not-Happiness'.
Quiz rapide
病気になってしまったが、家族がそばにいてくれたのは___中の幸いだ。
Correct !
La bonne réponse est : 不幸
Exemples
彼は不幸な人生を送った。
everydayHe lived an unhappy life.
突然のご不幸、心よりお悔やみ申し上げます。
formalI offer my deepest condolences on your sudden loss.
そんなに不幸そうな顔をしないでよ。
informalDon't look so miserable.
社会的不幸の構造について研究する。
academicStudy the structure of social misfortune.
今回の不祥事は、会社にとって最大の不幸である。
businessThis scandal is the greatest misfortune for the company.
Famille de mots
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
不幸のどん底
the depths of misery
不幸の手紙
chain letter (threatening bad luck)
人の不幸は蜜の味
Other people's misfortunes taste like honey (schadenfreude)
Souvent confondu avec
Fuun refers specifically to bad luck or a temporary lack of chance, whereas fukou refers to a broader state of being unhappy or a tragic event like death.
Notes d'usage
When used with the honorific 'go' (ご不幸), it almost always refers to a death in the family. In general use, it functions as both a noun and a na-adjective.
Erreurs courantes
Beginners often use fukou for small inconveniences like losing a wallet. For small bad luck, use 'un ga warui' (unlucky) or 'zannen' (disappointing) instead.
Astuce mémo
The first character 不 (Fu) means 'not' and the second 幸 (Kou) means 'happiness'. Put them together: 'Not-Happiness'.
Origine du mot
A Sinitic compound (Kango) combining the negative prefix 'bu/fu' (not) and 'kou' (good fortune/bliss).
Modèles grammaticaux
Contexte culturel
In Japanese culture, avoiding the direct word for 'death' (shinu) is common; 'go-fukou' is the standard polite way to refer to someone's passing when offering condolences.
Quiz rapide
病気になってしまったが、家族がそばにいてくれたのは___中の幸いだ。
Correct !
La bonne réponse est : 不幸
Vocabulaire associé
Mots lis
協力
A1Cooperation or collaboration where two or more people combine their efforts to achieve a common goal. It is used in both personal and professional settings to describe working together as a team or providing assistance.
提案
A1A suggestion or proposal of a plan or idea for others to consider. It is used in both casual conversations and professional meetings to introduce a potential course of action.
輸出
A1The act of sending goods or services produced in one country to another country for sale or trade. In Japanese, it functions as a noun and a suru-verb, representing the 'exit' of products from a domestic market.
輸入
A1The act of bringing goods, services, or materials into a country from abroad for sale or use. In Japanese, it functions as a noun or can be combined with 'suru' to become a verb meaning 'to import'.
資源
A1Shigen refers to valuable materials or assets, such as natural minerals, energy sources, or human talent, that can be used for production or survival. It is widely used in economics, environmental science, and daily life to describe both raw materials and abstract wealth.
保護
A1The act of keeping someone or something safe from harm, damage, or loss by providing care or creating boundaries. It is a versatile term in Japanese used for social welfare, environmental conservation, and digital security.
観察
A1Observation is the act of watching someone or something carefully in order to gain information or understand a process. It is frequently used in scientific studies, nature analysis, and describing the act of paying close attention to details.
競争
A1Kyousou refers to the act of competing or vying with others to achieve a goal, win a prize, or establish superiority. It is a versatile term used in sports, business, and academics to describe both structured contests and general rivalry.
拡大
A1The act of making something larger in size, scale, or scope. It is frequently used for physical enlargement (like a photo) or abstract growth (like a business or a problem).
製造
A1The process of making or producing goods, typically on a large scale using machinery. It refers specifically to industrial manufacturing rather than making things by hand on a small scale.
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