C1 adjective رسمی

byzantine

/bɪˈzæntaɪn/

Describing a system, process, or set of rules that is excessively complicated, intricate, and often characterized by deviousness or underhandedness. It typically refers to bureaucratic or administrative structures that are difficult to navigate or understand.

مثال‌ها

3 از 5
1

The instructions for setting up this smart home system are unexpectedly byzantine.

The instructions for setting up this smart home system are unexpectedly byzantine.

2

The committee struggled to navigate the byzantine protocols of the international treaty.

The committee struggled to navigate the byzantine protocols of the international treaty.

3

Fixing my broken phone turned into a byzantine process that took all day.

Fixing my broken phone turned into a byzantine process that took all day.

خانواده کلمه

اسم
byzantinism
قید
byzantinely
صفت
byzantine
مرتبط
Byzantium
💡

راهنمای حفظ

Think of the ancient Byzantine Empire—it was famous for having so many secret plots, layers of government, and confusing laws that it became a human maze.

آزمون سریع

The merger was delayed for months by a _____ web of legal requirements and paperwork.

درسته!

پاسخ صحیح این است: byzantine

مثال‌ها

1

The instructions for setting up this smart home system are unexpectedly byzantine.

everyday

The instructions for setting up this smart home system are unexpectedly byzantine.

2

The committee struggled to navigate the byzantine protocols of the international treaty.

formal

The committee struggled to navigate the byzantine protocols of the international treaty.

3

Fixing my broken phone turned into a byzantine process that took all day.

informal

Fixing my broken phone turned into a byzantine process that took all day.

4

Scholars often critique the byzantine structure of the medieval tax system in their research.

academic

Scholars often critique the byzantine structure of the medieval tax system in their research.

5

The company's byzantine hierarchy makes it impossible to get a quick decision from management.

business

The company's byzantine hierarchy makes it impossible to get a quick decision from management.

خانواده کلمه

اسم
byzantinism
قید
byzantinely
صفت
byzantine
مرتبط
Byzantium

ترکیب‌های رایج

byzantine bureaucracy byzantine bureaucracy
byzantine system byzantine system
byzantine plot byzantine plot
byzantine rules byzantine rules
byzantine complexity byzantine complexity

عبارات رایج

byzantine politics

byzantine politics

byzantine regulations

byzantine regulations

byzantine maze

byzantine maze

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

byzantine vs convoluted

Convoluted refers to anything twisted or complex, while byzantine specifically implies a complex system or administrative structure.

byzantine vs complex

Complex is a neutral term for something with many parts; byzantine is usually pejorative, suggesting unnecessary difficulty.

📝

نکات کاربردی

The word is almost always used in a negative sense to criticize a system that is harder to understand than it needs to be. It is common in political and academic writing.

⚠️

اشتباهات رایج

Learners often forget that when referring to the historical Empire, it must be capitalized (Byzantine), but when used as a general adjective for complexity, it is often lowercase.

💡

راهنمای حفظ

Think of the ancient Byzantine Empire—it was famous for having so many secret plots, layers of government, and confusing laws that it became a human maze.

📖

ریشه کلمه

Derived from Byzantium, the ancient Greek city (later Constantinople), known for its highly complex and devious political life.

الگوهای دستوری

Used as an attributive adjective before a noun. No comparative form (more byzantine is rare; usually 'highly byzantine').
🌍

بافت فرهنگی

The term reflects a Western historical stereotype of the Eastern Roman Empire as being excessively focused on complex ritual and political intrigue.

آزمون سریع

The merger was delayed for months by a _____ web of legal requirements and paperwork.

درسته!

پاسخ صحیح این است: byzantine

لغات مرتبط

pale

A1

Describes something that has very little color or is much lighter than usual. It is often used to describe a person's face when they are ill or a color that is mixed with a lot of white.

lung

A1

The lungs are two organs inside your chest that you use to breathe. They bring oxygen into your body and remove carbon dioxide when you breathe out.

tropical

A1

Relating to the hot regions of the Earth near the equator. It describes weather that is very warm and wet, or plants and animals that come from these areas.

trader

A1

A trader is a person whose job is to buy and sell goods, stocks, or other items for profit. They can work in a small local market or on large international financial exchanges.

indoor

A1

Describes something that is located, happens, or is used inside a building rather than outside. It is an adjective used before a noun to talk about activities or objects protected from the weather.

threshold

A1

A threshold is the physical area at the bottom of a doorway that you step over to enter a room or building. It also refers to the level or point at which something starts to happen or changes.

tribute

A1

A tribute is something that you say, do, or give to show your respect and admiration for someone. It is often a public act used to honor a person's life, work, or memory.

elder

A1

Used to describe a person who is older than another, especially within a family. It is also used to refer to people who have a high status or more experience because of their age.

russian

A1

Relating to Russia, its people, its language, or its culture. It describes things that come from or are connected to the largest country in the world.

southeastern

A1

Located in or coming from the direction between south and east. It describes a place, a region, or a wind that is in the corner between the bottom and the right on a map.

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