推翻

The original words of a piece of writing or a speech. In academic research, it refers to the material being analyzed, such as a literary work, a document, or a transcript.

A specific instance or example used as a basis for study, analysis, or as a precedent in law, medicine, or business.

Explanatory notes or comments added to a text to clarify meaning, provide context, or cite sources.

From this; because of this. It is used to indicate that a conclusion or result is derived from the previously mentioned fact.

To make an approximate calculation or prediction of a future value, quantity, or outcome based on current data.

To support or sustain something physically or metaphorically (like a theory or economy).

To extend, stretch, or expand in space, time, or meaning.

A particular procedure for accomplishing or approaching something, especially a systematic or established one.

A change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause; the effectiveness of something.

The relationship between two things in size, number, or amount. Often used to describe percentages or ratios in data analysis.