نجاح

The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own; plagiarism.

The act of providing someone with a reason for doing something or the state of being enthusiastic about an activity. In a TOEFL context, it refers to psychological or educational drivers of behavior.

The act of guiding, directing, or providing instructions. Often refers to 'academic advising' or 'guidance' in a university setting (TOEFL campus life).

The act of making something deeper, whether physically or metaphorically (such as knowledge, relationships, or understanding).

The state of being independent and not controlled by others. In academic contexts, it refers to self-directed learning or institutional autonomy.

The act of doing or saying something again; recurrence or frequency of an event.

The act of making something shorter or more concise; a shortened form of a word or phrase (abbreviation).

Exceptional skill, expertness, or talent in a particular field or activity. It implies both technical mastery and creative flair.

The process of making people aware of an issue or increasing their knowledge about a specific topic. Common in TOEFL passages about health or social change.

A procedure intended to establish the quality, performance, or reliability of something, especially before it is taken into widespread use; an exam.