In theory
Academic discourse marker used to connect ideas
Use it to bridge the gap between a perfect plan and an unpredictable reality.
15秒でわかる
- Describes how things should work according to a plan.
- Often implies that the real result might be different.
- Commonly used to start sentences or add caution to claims.
意味
You use this when something should be true according to a plan or logic, but the actual result might be different in real life.
主な例文
3 / 6Discussing a travel itinerary
In theory, we can visit three museums in one afternoon.
In theory, we can visit three museums in one afternoon.
A professional project meeting
In theory, the new algorithm should reduce processing time by half.
In theory, the new algorithm should reduce processing time by half.
Texting a friend about a diet
In theory, I'm not eating carbs, but this bread is calling my name.
In theory, I'm not eating carbs, but this bread is calling my name.
文化的背景
The phrase reflects a Western intellectual tradition of distinguishing between 'abstract thought' and 'empirical reality.' It became popular as scientific discourse entered everyday speech, allowing people to express skepticism or caution about unproven plans. In academic settings, it functions as a hedge, allowing scholars to propose ideas without claiming absolute certainty.
The 'But' Rule
Almost every time you say `in theory`, you are going to follow it with a `but`. It's the perfect setup for a contrast.
Don't Sound Too Doubtful
If you use this too much at work, people might think you don't believe in your own projects. Use it sparingly!
15秒でわかる
- Describes how things should work according to a plan.
- Often implies that the real result might be different.
- Commonly used to start sentences or add caution to claims.
What It Means
Have you ever had a perfect plan? Everything looks great on your notepad. You think nothing can go wrong. That is exactly where in theory lives. It describes the ideal version of a situation. It is what happens when logic meets a perfect world. Usually, we use it to hint at a catch. It suggests that reality might have other plans. It is like saying "it should work, but who knows?"
How To Use It
You will usually see this at the start of a sentence. Put a comma right after it. This prepares your listener for a logical statement. You can also put it in the middle. For example, "The plan is, in theory, quite simple." This adds a little bit of doubt. It makes you sound smart and cautious. You are showing that you have thought things through. In academic writing, it connects an abstract idea to a possible outcome.
When To Use It
Use it when you are discussing a new idea. It is perfect for meetings when a boss asks for a timeline. You can say, "In theory, we finish by Friday." It protects you if things go wrong later. Use it when talking about your personal goals too. It works well for jokes about your failed gym habits. It is a very flexible phrase for daily life and school.
When NOT To Use It
Do not use it for things that are 100% certain. If you say "In theory, I am human," people will stare. It sounds like you are questioning your own biology! Avoid it when you need to sound very confident. If you are a pilot, do not say "In theory, we will land." Your passengers will definitely start panicking. Keep it for things that involve a bit of a gamble.
Cultural Background
This phrase comes from the world of science and philosophy. In Western culture, people value the "Scientific Method." We like to separate ideas from actual results. It shows a healthy level of skepticism. Using it makes you sound like a critical thinker. It suggests you do not just believe everything you hear. It is a very common marker in British and American academic life.
Common Variations
You might hear people say on paper instead. This is very common in business or sports. Hypothetically is another great alternative for C1 speakers. It sounds a bit more formal and scientific. If you want to be more casual, try technically. Each one shifts the meaning just a tiny bit. In principle is another one used in legal or official talks.
使い方のコツ
This phrase is highly versatile, moving easily between academic papers and casual jokes. While it is grammatically simple, its power lies in the 'hedge'—the way it protects the speaker from being wrong by acknowledging that reality is messy.
The 'But' Rule
Almost every time you say `in theory`, you are going to follow it with a `but`. It's the perfect setup for a contrast.
Don't Sound Too Doubtful
If you use this too much at work, people might think you don't believe in your own projects. Use it sparingly!
The Sarcastic Twist
In the UK and US, saying 'That works in theory' is often a polite way of saying 'That is a terrible idea and will never work.'
例文
6In theory, we can visit three museums in one afternoon.
In theory, we can visit three museums in one afternoon.
The speaker knows this is the plan but doubts the time available.
In theory, the new algorithm should reduce processing time by half.
In theory, the new algorithm should reduce processing time by half.
Used as an academic discourse marker to connect a design to a goal.
In theory, I'm not eating carbs, but this bread is calling my name.
In theory, I'm not eating carbs, but this bread is calling my name.
Humorous contrast between a strict rule and a weak will.
In theory, the law protects everyone equally, but the data shows otherwise.
In theory, the law protects everyone equally, but the data shows otherwise.
A formal way to highlight a discrepancy in society.
In theory, I fixed the sink, so don't be surprised if it leaks later.
In theory, I fixed the sink, so don't be surprised if it leaks later.
Uses the phrase to lower expectations and add humor.
In theory, I should be over him by now, but it still hurts.
In theory, I should be over him by now, but it still hurts.
Expresses the conflict between logical healing and emotional reality.
自分をテスト
Choose the best phrase to complete the sentence regarding a risky plan.
___, the hike takes four hours, but we should bring extra water just in case.
The speaker is referring to the planned duration while acknowledging possible delays.
Identify the best marker for an academic presentation.
The experiment works ___, but we need to test it in a lab environment.
'In theory' connects the abstract concept of the experiment to its physical testing.
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ビジュアル学習ツール
Formality and Context of 'In Theory'
Used with friends to joke about plans.
In theory, I'm sleeping early.
Used for daily planning or work updates.
In theory, the mail arrives at noon.
Used in academic papers or business strategy.
In theory, the market should stabilize.
Where to use 'In Theory'
Software Bug
It works in theory!
Dieting
In theory, no sugar.
Science Lab
In theory, it's stable.
Budgeting
In theory, we save $500.
よくある質問
10 問Not quite. Maybe is about pure chance, while in theory implies there is a logical reason or a plan behind the possibility.
Yes, it is a very common academic marker. It helps you discuss models or hypotheses before you present the actual data.
It can be slightly skeptical. If you say it with a certain tone, it might sound like you don't trust their plan.
Hypothetically is more formal and often used for imaginary scenarios. In theory is often used for actual plans that might fail.
Yes, you can. For example: 'The engine should start, in theory.' It acts as a cautious afterthought.
It often does. Because we live in an imperfect world, in theory usually suggests that something will go wrong in practice.
Yes, on paper is a more idiomatic, slightly more casual version. It is very common in sports and business contexts.
Native speakers often blend it slightly: 'In-thee-ree.' The 'y' at the end is very short.
Yes. 'In theory, the bridge should have held the weight.' This explains why a past failure was surprising.
It is used equally in both. It is a universal English expression for logic and skepticism.
関連フレーズ
On paper
According to written statistics or plans, rather than reality.
Hypothetically speaking
Used to describe a situation that is imagined or suggested.
In principle
Agreeing with the general idea, even if the details are difficult.
Technically
According to the exact facts or rules, even if the situation feels different.
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