B2 adjective ニュートラル

bitterly

/ˈbɪt.ər.li/

An adverb used to describe actions or feelings done with intense resentment, deep disappointment, or extreme harshness. It is also frequently used to emphasize that weather conditions are painfully cold.

例文

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1

He complained bitterly about the poor service he received at the restaurant.

He expressed his strong dissatisfaction in a resentful way about the bad service.

2

The new legislation was bitterly opposed by the minority parties in parliament.

The new laws were fought against with intense hostility by the smaller parties.

3

I was bitterly disappointed that they cancelled the concert at the last minute.

I felt extremely sad and let down that the show was called off.

語族

名詞
bitterness
Verb
embitter
副詞
bitterly
形容詞
bitter
関連
bitters
💡

覚え方のコツ

Think of the 'bite' in 'bitterly'. It describes a cold wind that 'bites' your skin or words that 'bite' with anger.

クイックテスト

After losing the championship by just one point, the team was ___ disappointed.

正解!

正解は: bitterly

例文

1

He complained bitterly about the poor service he received at the restaurant.

everyday

He expressed his strong dissatisfaction in a resentful way about the bad service.

2

The new legislation was bitterly opposed by the minority parties in parliament.

formal

The new laws were fought against with intense hostility by the smaller parties.

3

I was bitterly disappointed that they cancelled the concert at the last minute.

informal

I felt extremely sad and let down that the show was called off.

4

The two scholars were bitterly divided over the validity of the experimental data.

academic

The two academics had a very strong and angry disagreement about the data.

5

The company faced a bitterly contested takeover bid that lasted for six months.

business

The company dealt with a very aggressive and hostile attempt to be bought out.

語族

名詞
bitterness
Verb
embitter
副詞
bitterly
形容詞
bitter
関連
bitters

よく使う組み合わせ

bitterly cold extremely and painfully cold weather
bitterly disappointed feeling a deep sense of letdown
bitterly regret to feel very sorry about something done in the past
bitterly opposed strongly and angrily against something
bitterly resent to feel deep anger or unfairness about a situation

よく使うフレーズ

fight to the bitter end

to continue a struggle until it is finished, no matter how difficult

a bitterly pill to swallow

an unpleasant fact that must be accepted (usually uses adjective form 'bitter')

bitterly contested

argued or fought over with great intensity

よく混同される語

bitterly vs severely

While both mean 'very', bitterly implies resentment or cold, whereas severely implies seriousness or strictness.

📝

使い方のコツ

Bitterly is almost exclusively used with negative emotions or uncomfortable physical sensations like cold. It is rarely used to describe positive intensity.

⚠️

よくある間違い

Learners sometimes use 'bitterly' to mean 'very' in a positive context, such as 'bitterly happy,' which is incorrect.

💡

覚え方のコツ

Think of the 'bite' in 'bitterly'. It describes a cold wind that 'bites' your skin or words that 'bite' with anger.

📖

語源

Derived from the Old English 'bitre', which is related to the verb 'to bite', suggesting a sharp or stinging sensation.

文法パターン

Typically modifies adjectives (e.g., bitterly cold) Commonly modifies verbs of emotion or speech (e.g., weep bitterly, complain bitterly) No comparative form like 'bitterlier'; use 'more bitterly'
🌍

文化的な背景

In English-speaking northern climates, 'bitterly cold' is a standard meteorological description for winter weather that is damp and freezing.

クイックテスト

After losing the championship by just one point, the team was ___ disappointed.

正解!

正解は: bitterly

関連単語

exarchness

C1

The state or quality of being an exarch, specifically referring to the authoritative status or regional jurisdiction of a deputy ruler or high-ranking ecclesiastical official. It describes the inherent power and dignity associated with governing a province or diocese on behalf of a higher sovereign.

perihumer

C1

A technical term referring to the anatomical region or specific tissue structures immediately surrounding the humerus bone in the upper arm. It is primarily used in orthopedic medicine and physical therapy to describe areas of concern during surgery, injury assessment, or prosthetic fitting.

microfluship

C1

A precise, automated release of a minimal amount of fluid or data used to clear a micro-system or reset high-sensitivity sensors. It is typically employed in microfluidic engineering and advanced computing to prevent sediment buildup or signal noise.

antiponness

C1

The quality or state of being opposed to or averse to hard labor, toil, or physical exertion. It describes a deep-seated resistance to performing arduous tasks, often found in philosophical or psychological discussions about the nature of work.

forenumerary

C1

Describes something that pertains to an initial or preliminary counting or listing that occurs before the main enumeration. It is typically used in administrative, historical, or technical contexts to refer to items or individuals recorded ahead of a final official tally.

detangite

C1

To separate components, strands, or ideas that have become intricately intertwined or knotted. It is most frequently used in formal or technical contexts to describe the process of unravelling a complex situation, data set, or physical structure.

unitangine

C1

Describing a process or system that operates through a single point of contact or a singular, unbranching focus. It is often used in technical or analytical contexts to denote a direct and isolated interaction between two entities.

enjectment

C1

Ejectment is a legal action or remedy brought by a person who claims title to real property to recover possession of that property. It is primarily used to remove a tenant or squatter who is wrongfully occupying the land and to settle disputes regarding the rightful owner's title.

invertite

C1

Describing something that has been reversed in position, order, or nature, or turned upside down. It is a highly specialized or archaic term used primarily in technical, historical, or biological contexts to denote a state of inversion.

malteghood

C1

Describing a state marked by deep-seated communal loyalty and historical resilience. It refers to qualities or behaviors that prioritize the preservation of a group's collective identity and shared fortitude above individual interests.

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