A1 preposition ニュートラル #24 よく出る

by

/baɪ/

A preposition used to show the method or means of doing something, or to identify the person or thing that performs an action. It frequently appears in passive sentences to indicate the agent or before modes of transport.

例文

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1

I usually travel to work by train.

I use the train to go to my job.

2

The document must be signed by the authorized representative.

The representative is the person who must sign the paper.

3

I sent the message by mistake.

I did not mean to send the message.

語族

名詞
bypass
Verb
bypass
副詞
nearby
形容詞
nearby
関連
byproduct
💡

覚え方のコツ

Think of the word 'BY-cycle' (bicycle). You go from one place to another BY using your feet on a cycle.

クイックテスト

The book was written ___ a famous author.

正解!

正解は: by

例文

1

I usually travel to work by train.

everyday

I use the train to go to my job.

2

The document must be signed by the authorized representative.

formal

The representative is the person who must sign the paper.

3

I sent the message by mistake.

informal

I did not mean to send the message.

4

The experiment was conducted by a group of scientists.

academic

Scientists were the ones who did the experiment.

5

Please confirm the delivery by email.

business

Use email to tell us the item arrived.

語族

名詞
bypass
Verb
bypass
副詞
nearby
形容詞
nearby
関連
byproduct

よく使う組み合わせ

by car traveling using a car
by hand made or done using hands, not a machine
by chance happening without a plan; accidentally
by credit card paying with a card
by yourself alone or without help

よく使うフレーズ

step by step

moving slowly from one stage to the next

by the way

used to introduce a new topic in conversation

day by day

gradually as time passes

よく混同される語

by vs with

Use 'by' for the method/agent (by a person) and 'with' for the tool used (with a hammer).

by vs until

Use 'by' for a deadline (no later than) and 'until' for duration (up to a certain point).

📝

使い方のコツ

When talking about transportation, use 'by' directly with the noun (e.g., by bus, by plane) without using 'a' or 'the'. In passive voice, 'by' introduces the person who did the action.

⚠️

よくある間違い

Learners often say 'by the car' when they mean 'by car' for transport. Another mistake is using 'by' to mean 'with' when referring to a specific tool or instrument.

💡

覚え方のコツ

Think of the word 'BY-cycle' (bicycle). You go from one place to another BY using your feet on a cycle.

📖

語源

Derived from the Old English word 'be', which meant 'near', 'alongside', or 'about'.

文法パターン

followed by a noun (by train) followed by a gerund (by practicing) used after passive verbs (was built by...)

クイックテスト

The book was written ___ a famous author.

正解!

正解は: by

関連単語

sit

A1

To rest your body on your bottom with your back upright, typically on a chair or the floor. It describes both the action of moving into this position and the state of being in it.

stand

A1

To be in an upright position supported by one's feet rather than sitting or lying down. It also refers to the physical location of an object or a person's particular opinion on a subject.

pay

A1

To give money to someone in exchange for goods, services, or to settle a debt. It can also mean to give something non-monetary, such as attention or a compliment.

meet

A1

To come together with someone at a specific place and time, or to be introduced to someone for the first time. It can also mean to satisfy a requirement, standard, or need.

continue

A1

To keep doing something or to stay in the same state without stopping. It can also mean to start an activity again after a short break.

set

A1

To put or place something in a specific position or location. It also means to adjust or prepare something so that it is ready for use, such as a clock or a table.

learn

A1

To gain knowledge, understanding, or a skill by studying, practicing, or being taught. It refers to the process of acquiring information through experience or education.

lead

A1

To go in front of a group of people to show them the way to a place. It also means to be in control of a group, a team, or an activity.

understand

A1

To know the meaning of what someone is saying or how something works. It involves grasping an idea, a language, or a situation clearly in your mind.

follow

A1

To move behind someone or something in the same direction. It also means to obey rules, instructions, or to understand the logic of an argument or story.

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