by
A preposition used to show the method or means of doing something, or to identify the person or thing that performs an action. It frequently appears in passive sentences to indicate the agent or before modes of transport.
예시
3 / 5I usually travel to work by train.
I use the train to go to my job.
The document must be signed by the authorized representative.
The representative is the person who must sign the paper.
I sent the message by mistake.
I did not mean to send the message.
어휘 가족
암기 팁
Think of the word 'BY-cycle' (bicycle). You go from one place to another BY using your feet on a cycle.
빠른 퀴즈
The book was written ___ a famous author.
정답!
정답은: by
예시
I usually travel to work by train.
everydayI use the train to go to my job.
The document must be signed by the authorized representative.
formalThe representative is the person who must sign the paper.
I sent the message by mistake.
informalI did not mean to send the message.
The experiment was conducted by a group of scientists.
academicScientists were the ones who did the experiment.
Please confirm the delivery by email.
businessUse email to tell us the item arrived.
어휘 가족
자주 쓰는 조합
자주 쓰는 구문
step by step
moving slowly from one stage to the next
by the way
used to introduce a new topic in conversation
day by day
gradually as time passes
자주 혼동되는 단어
Use 'by' for the method/agent (by a person) and 'with' for the tool used (with a hammer).
Use 'by' for a deadline (no later than) and 'until' for duration (up to a certain point).
사용 참고사항
When talking about transportation, use 'by' directly with the noun (e.g., by bus, by plane) without using 'a' or 'the'. In passive voice, 'by' introduces the person who did the action.
자주 하는 실수
Learners often say 'by the car' when they mean 'by car' for transport. Another mistake is using 'by' to mean 'with' when referring to a specific tool or instrument.
암기 팁
Think of the word 'BY-cycle' (bicycle). You go from one place to another BY using your feet on a cycle.
어원
Derived from the Old English word 'be', which meant 'near', 'alongside', or 'about'.
문법 패턴
빠른 퀴즈
The book was written ___ a famous author.
정답!
정답은: by
관련 문법 규칙
관련 표현
관련 어휘
관련 단어
to
A1Used to indicate the place, person, or thing that someone or something moves toward. It can also mark the recipient of an action or the limit of a range.
and
A1A primary conjunction used to connect words, phrases, or clauses that are grammatically equal. It indicates addition, a sequence of events, or a relationship between two things.
a
A1A word used before a singular noun that is not specific or is being mentioned for the first time. It is used only before words that begin with a consonant sound to indicate one of something.
that
A1This word is a demonstrative pronoun used to indicate a specific person, object, or idea that is further away in space or time from the speaker. It is also used to refer back to something that has already been mentioned or to introduce a clause that identifies something.
I
A1The pronoun 'I' is used by a speaker or writer to refer to themselves as the subject of a verb. It is the first-person singular subject pronoun in English and is always capitalized regardless of its position in a sentence.
for
A1Used to show who is intended to have or use something, or to explain the purpose or reason for an action. It is also frequently used to indicate a specific duration of time.
not
A1A function word used to express negation or denial. It is primarily used to make a sentence or phrase negative, often following an auxiliary verb or the verb 'to be'.
with
A1A preposition used to indicate that people or things are together, in the same place, or performing an action together. It can also describe the instrument used to perform an action or a characteristic that someone or something has.
he
A1A pronoun used to refer to a male person or animal that has already been mentioned or is easily identified. It functions as the subject of a sentence.
you
A1Used to refer to the person or people that the speaker is addressing. It is the second-person pronoun used for both singular and plural subjects and objects.
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