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noun

A celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star.

"火星は地球の隣にある惑星だ。"

noun

The curved path of a celestial object or spacecraft around a star, planet, or moon; also used metaphorically for a course of action.

"地球は太陽の周りを楕円軌道で回っている。"

noun

The remains of a building, town, etc. from the past, especially one that is important in history or archaeology.

"エジプトで新しい古代の遺跡が発見された。"

noun, verb

A thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue; also an incentive or something that excites.

"強い光は目に刺激を与える。"

noun, verb

The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.

"人間は五感を通じて世界を知覚する。"

noun

A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.

"地球温暖化の影響で、各地の氷河が融解しています。"

noun

A medium of exchange in the form of coins and banknotes; money or currency.

"貨幣の価値は、経済の状況によって変動します。"

noun

The exchange of goods and services, especially between different groups or countries; trade.

"シルクロードを通じて、東西の交易が盛んに行われました。"

noun

A region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts.

"地球は巨大な磁場に包まれています。"

noun

The gradual wearing away of land or rock by natural forces like water, wind, or ice.

"長年の雨風によって、岩が浸食されました。"

noun

The act of breaking something down into its smaller parts or components. Used in chemistry (molecular breakdown), biology (decomposition), and mechanics (disassembly).

"掃除をするために、掃除機を分解した。"

noun

The plant life of a particular region or period; the plant cover of an area.

"標高が高くなるにつれて、山の植生が変化する。"

noun

A formal written or spoken statement, especially one given in a court or as evidence in a historical/scientific context. In TOEFL, it often refers to eyewitness accounts in history or archaeology.

"目撃者の証言により、犯人が特定された。"

noun

A credit earned by a student upon successfully completing a course of study at a university.

"卒業するためには、あと10単位必要です。"

noun

A formal piece of writing on a particular subject, such as a dissertation or a research paper.

"彼は卒業論文を書くために図書館にこもっている。"

noun

The cancellation of a lecture or class.

"教授が病気のため、今日の英語は休講になった。"

noun

The act of taking a specific course or subject at a school or university, including attending classes and completing required work for credit.

"今年度は心理学の科目を履修する。"

noun

The amount of water that falls in the form of rain, snow, or hail in a specific area over a given period.

"この地域は年間降水量が非常に多い。"

noun

The act of digging something up out of the ground, especially archaeological remains or resources like coal or oil.

"地面を掘って、恐竜の化石を発掘する。"

noun

Natural or chemical substances added to soil or land to increase its fertility and help plants grow better.

"野菜を育てるために、有機肥料を使っています。"

noun

The act of setting up or establishing something, such as rules, goals, or technical configurations. In literature, it refers to the setting/premise of a story.

"スマホの初期設定を完了させた。"

noun

The state of plants growing thickly and luxuriantly.

"夏になると、庭の雑草が繁茂する。"

noun

The point where something divides into two or more branches or directions.

"道が左右に分岐している。"

noun

The way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others; behavior or action.

"考えるだけでなく、実際に行動することが大切です。"

noun

A warm-blooded vertebrate animal of a class that is distinguished by the possession of hair or fur, the secretion of milk by females for the nourishment of the young, and (typically) the birth of live young.

"クジラは魚ではなく哺乳類に分類されます。"

noun

An animal that naturally preys on others.

"ライオンはサバンナにおける強力な捕食者です。"

noun

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.

"植物は太陽の光を利用して光合成を行います。"

noun

The study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains.

"彼は考古学を学ぶために、エジプトへ行った。"

noun

The money paid for instruction or teaching, especially at a school, college, or university.

"日本の私立大学は授業料が高い傾向にある。"

noun, verb

The state or fact of continuing to live or exist, typically in spite of an accident, ordeal, or difficult circumstances.

"砂漠で生存するためには水が不可欠だ。"

noun

The point or place where something begins, arises, or is derived. High-frequency in TOEFL history and anthropology passages.

"人類の起源はアフリカにあると言われている。"

noun

The study of past events, particularly in human affairs, or the whole series of past events connected with someone or something.

"この町には古いお寺が多く、長い歴史があります。"

noun

The way in which two or more things or people are connected and influence each other.

"食生活と健康の間には密接な相互関係がある。"

noun

The humanities, social sciences, or liberal arts department/track.

"私は文系なので、数学が苦手です。"

noun

The science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) department/track.

"彼は理系なので、論理的な思考が得意だ。"

noun

The act of looking at something else for information, or using something as a model or guide. Often used when citing sources or looking for help.

"この本を参考にしてレポートを書きました。"