固然
Admittedly; no doubt; it is true that. Used to acknowledge a fact before introducing a contrasting or more important point.
Examples
3 of 5这种方法固然有效，但成本太高。
This method is admittedly effective, but the cost is too high.
金钱固然能带来物质享受，但买不来快乐。
Money admittedly brings material enjoyment, but it cannot buy happiness.
学习知识固然重要，培养能力更关键。
Learning knowledge is indeed important, but developing ability is more critical.
Word Family
Memory Tip
Think of '固' (firm/solid) and '然' (so/true) — 'it is firmly true that...' (but...).
Quick Quiz
通过考试___重要，但更重要的是掌握知识。
Correct!
The correct answer is: 固然
Examples
这种方法固然有效，但成本太高。
businessThis method is admittedly effective, but the cost is too high.
金钱固然能带来物质享受，但买不来快乐。
everydayMoney admittedly brings material enjoyment, but it cannot buy happiness.
学习知识固然重要，培养能力更关键。
academicLearning knowledge is indeed important, but developing ability is more critical.
这个想法固然大胆，却缺乏可行性。
formalThis idea is admittedly bold, but it lacks feasibility.
环境固然在改变，人类也应主动适应。
academicIt's true that the environment is changing, and humans should actively adapt.
Word Family
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
固然有理
admittedly reasonable
道理固然简单
the reason is admittedly simple
固然如此
it is indeed so
Often Confused With
虽然 is a standard 'although,' while 固然 is more formal and emphasizes acknowledging the validity of the first point before moving to the next.
Usage Notes
A high-level transition word for IELTS Writing Task 2 to show balanced argumentation.
Common Mistakes
Forgetting to follow up with a '但是' (but) or '可是' (but) to complete the contrast.
Memory Tip
Think of '固' (firm/solid) and '然' (so/true) — 'it is firmly true that...' (but...).
Word Origin
From '固' (originally/certainly) and '然' (so/correct).
Grammar Patterns
Quick Quiz
通过考试___重要，但更重要的是掌握知识。
Correct!
The correct answer is: 固然
Related Grammar Rules
Related Vocabulary
More academic words
演绎
B1To deduce or reason from general principles to specific conclusions. It also means to perform or play out a story or role.
构造
B1The internal structure, composition, or arrangement of a complex object, such as a machine, a biological organism, or a geological formation.
改良
B1To improve something by making small changes, especially regarding technology, seeds/breeds in agriculture, or social systems. It is less radical than 'reform' (改革).
更替
B1The process of one thing replacing another in a regular or cyclical way, such as seasons, generations, or historical eras.
调研
B1A formal term combining 'investigation' (调查) and 'research' (研究). It refers to the process of gathering data and analyzing it for professional or academic purposes.
研究
B1To carry out a systematic investigation into a subject to establish facts or reach new conclusions. It can also mean to study or consider something carefully.
观点
B1A particular attitude or way of considering a matter; an opinion or standpoint.
数据
B1Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis.
结果
B1The outcome or consequence of an action, process, or event.
讨论
B1To talk about something with another person or a group in order to exchange ideas or decide something.
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