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Involving a lot of different but related parts; difficult to understand. Used to describe issues, systems, or tasks in IELTS.

A fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question. In academic tasks, it often refers to social or natural occurrences.

To say or estimate that a specified thing will happen in the future or will be a consequence of something. Common in data interpretation.

Happening or changing slowly over a period of time. It describes a steady, incremental process.

A feeling, type of behavior, or physical process that happens as a result of something else. In science, it refers to chemical or physiological changes.

The rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time. It is used in both scientific and everyday contexts.

To arrange a group of people or things in classes or categories according to shared qualities or characteristics.

To show that something is true by providing facts, information, or logic. It can also refer to a formal document like a certificate.

A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.

A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation; to take something as true for the sake of argument.