استشهاد

To derive or deduce information from evidence or premises; to conclude after reasoning.

Serving to explain or make something clear. It is often used to describe charts, graphs, or examples in a text.

Relating to the structure of something, especially a social or economic system. It refers to fundamental, systemic issues rather than superficial ones.

To center or revolve around a particular theme, topic, or person. To pivot.

A claim or assertion that something is true, typically one that is disputed or made without proof.

Involving or based on the comparison of two or more things to identify similarities and differences. Often used to describe a specific methodology in research.

Considered in relation or in proportion to something else. It implies that a value or state is not absolute but depends on the context.

A single piece of knowledge or a fact provided or learned. It is the building block of data and evidence in academic writing.

A person who takes part in an activity, event, or study. It is commonly used in research contexts for those being studied.

Serving as or conforming to a standard of measurement, value, or behavior. It is used to describe things that follow a set norm or benchmark.