ثَقَافَة

The process of making something local or adapting it to a specific local environment. In business, it often refers to 'localization' of jobs or technology.

Equality or parity between two or more parties, especially regarding opportunities or status.

A pillar, foundation, or fundamental basis upon which something is built or supported.

The ability or willingness to tolerate something, in particular the existence of opinions or behavior that one does not necessarily agree with. A key topic in IELTS essays on globalization and multiculturalism.

Property, traditions, or culture passed down from previous generations. A high-frequency topic in IELTS regarding tourism, national identity, and globalization.

The process of bringing up and educating a child; it also refers to the field of pedagogy. It encompasses both moral upbringing and formal instruction.

A level or layer of something, such as a social class, a physical layer of material, or a level in the atmosphere.

The state of sticking together or being strongly united, often used to describe social unity or physical cohesion.

Causing a lot of public disagreement, discussion, or debate. Often used to describe topics like politics, ethics, or new scientific theories.

A person who freely offers to take part in an enterprise or undertake a task without being paid.