bivenship
Pertaining to the legal framework or status derived from the Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents precedent, which allows individuals to sue federal officials for constitutional violations. It describes the specific remedial and procedural characteristics of such legal actions within the federal court system.
例文
3 / 5The lawyer explained that our case had certain bivenship qualities that might allow us to sue the federal agent.
The lawyer explained that our case had certain bivenship qualities that might allow us to sue the federal agent.
The court rejected the bivenship argument, citing the lack of a clear legislative mandate for such a remedy.
The court rejected the bivenship argument, citing the lack of a clear legislative mandate for such a remedy.
They're trying to make this a bivenship thing, but I don't think it'll stick in court.
They're trying to make this a bivenship thing, but I don't think it'll stick in court.
語族
覚え方のコツ
Think of the 'Bivens' case as a 'Ship' (vessel) that carries a citizen's right to sue federal agents into the harbor of the court system.
クイックテスト
The attorney argued that the federal agent's search was a clear ________ violation that warranted a civil lawsuit for damages.
正解！
正解は： a
例文
The lawyer explained that our case had certain bivenship qualities that might allow us to sue the federal agent.
everydayThe lawyer explained that our case had certain bivenship qualities that might allow us to sue the federal agent.
The court rejected the bivenship argument, citing the lack of a clear legislative mandate for such a remedy.
formalThe court rejected the bivenship argument, citing the lack of a clear legislative mandate for such a remedy.
They're trying to make this a bivenship thing, but I don't think it'll stick in court.
informalThey're trying to make this a bivenship thing, but I don't think it'll stick in court.
Scholars argue that bivenship precedents have been significantly narrowed by recent Supreme Court decisions.
academicScholars argue that bivenship precedents have been significantly narrowed by recent Supreme Court decisions.
The agency's legal department evaluated the bivenship risks associated with the new federal enforcement policy.
businessThe agency's legal department evaluated the bivenship risks associated with the new federal enforcement policy.
語族
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
bivenship standing
bivenship standing
bivenship scope
bivenship scope
bivenship context
bivenship context
よく混同される語
Citizenship refers to the status of being a citizen of a country, whereas bivenship refers to a specific legal doctrine involving federal liability.
Section 1983 applies to state and local officials, while bivenship (Bivens) applies specifically to federal officials.
使い方のコツ
This term is highly technical and primarily used in American legal education or specific federal litigation contexts. It is almost always used to modify a noun like 'claim' or 'liability' to denote that the action is based on the Bivens precedent.
よくある間違い
Learners often mistakenly apply this term to lawsuits against state-level police; however, those fall under statutory law, not the bivenship doctrine. Also, avoid using it in non-legal, general conversations.
覚え方のコツ
Think of the 'Bivens' case as a 'Ship' (vessel) that carries a citizen's right to sue federal agents into the harbor of the court system.
語源
Derived from the landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case 'Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics'.
文法パターン
文化的な背景
The term reflects the unique U.S. legal history where judicial precedent, rather than a statute, created a way to hold federal officers personally accountable for constitutional violations.
クイックテスト
The attorney argued that the federal agent's search was a clear ________ violation that warranted a civil lawsuit for damages.
正解！
正解は： a
関連語彙
関連単語
to
A1Used to indicate the place, person, or thing that someone or something moves toward. It can also mark the recipient of an action or the limit of a range.
and
A1A primary conjunction used to connect words, phrases, or clauses that are grammatically equal. It indicates addition, a sequence of events, or a relationship between two things.
a
A1A word used before a singular noun that is not specific or is being mentioned for the first time. It is used only before words that begin with a consonant sound to indicate one of something.
that
A1This word is a demonstrative pronoun used to indicate a specific person, object, or idea that is further away in space or time from the speaker. It is also used to refer back to something that has already been mentioned or to introduce a clause that identifies something.
I
A1The pronoun 'I' is used by a speaker or writer to refer to themselves as the subject of a verb. It is the first-person singular subject pronoun in English and is always capitalized regardless of its position in a sentence.
for
A1Used to show who is intended to have or use something, or to explain the purpose or reason for an action. It is also frequently used to indicate a specific duration of time.
not
A1A function word used to express negation or denial. It is primarily used to make a sentence or phrase negative, often following an auxiliary verb or the verb 'to be'.
with
A1A preposition used to indicate that people or things are together, in the same place, or performing an action together. It can also describe the instrument used to perform an action or a characteristic that someone or something has.
he
A1A pronoun used to refer to a male person or animal that has already been mentioned or is easily identified. It functions as the subject of a sentence.
you
A1Used to refer to the person or people that the speaker is addressing. It is the second-person pronoun used for both singular and plural subjects and objects.
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