C1 adjective 正式

bivenship

/ˈbɪvənˌʃɪp/

Pertaining to the legal framework or status derived from the Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents precedent, which allows individuals to sue federal officials for constitutional violations. It describes the specific remedial and procedural characteristics of such legal actions within the federal court system.

例句

3 / 5
1

The lawyer explained that our case had certain bivenship qualities that might allow us to sue the federal agent.

The lawyer explained that our case had certain bivenship qualities that might allow us to sue the federal agent.

2

The court rejected the bivenship argument, citing the lack of a clear legislative mandate for such a remedy.

The court rejected the bivenship argument, citing the lack of a clear legislative mandate for such a remedy.

3

They're trying to make this a bivenship thing, but I don't think it'll stick in court.

They're trying to make this a bivenship thing, but I don't think it'll stick in court.

词族

名词
Bivens action
形容词
bivenship
相关
Bivens liability
💡

记忆技巧

Think of the 'Bivens' case as a 'Ship' (vessel) that carries a citizen's right to sue federal agents into the harbor of the court system.

快速测验

The attorney argued that the federal agent's search was a clear ________ violation that warranted a civil lawsuit for damages.

正确!

正确答案是: a

例句

1

The lawyer explained that our case had certain bivenship qualities that might allow us to sue the federal agent.

everyday

The lawyer explained that our case had certain bivenship qualities that might allow us to sue the federal agent.

2

The court rejected the bivenship argument, citing the lack of a clear legislative mandate for such a remedy.

formal

The court rejected the bivenship argument, citing the lack of a clear legislative mandate for such a remedy.

3

They're trying to make this a bivenship thing, but I don't think it'll stick in court.

informal

They're trying to make this a bivenship thing, but I don't think it'll stick in court.

4

Scholars argue that bivenship precedents have been significantly narrowed by recent Supreme Court decisions.

academic

Scholars argue that bivenship precedents have been significantly narrowed by recent Supreme Court decisions.

5

The agency's legal department evaluated the bivenship risks associated with the new federal enforcement policy.

business

The agency's legal department evaluated the bivenship risks associated with the new federal enforcement policy.

词族

名词
Bivens action
形容词
bivenship
相关
Bivens liability

常见搭配

bivenship claim bivenship claim
bivenship liability bivenship liability
bivenship remedy bivenship remedy
bivenship precedent bivenship precedent
bivenship litigation bivenship litigation

常用短语

bivenship standing

bivenship standing

bivenship scope

bivenship scope

bivenship context

bivenship context

容易混淆的词

bivenship vs citizenship

Citizenship refers to the status of being a citizen of a country, whereas bivenship refers to a specific legal doctrine involving federal liability.

bivenship vs Section 1983

Section 1983 applies to state and local officials, while bivenship (Bivens) applies specifically to federal officials.

📝

使用说明

This term is highly technical and primarily used in American legal education or specific federal litigation contexts. It is almost always used to modify a noun like 'claim' or 'liability' to denote that the action is based on the Bivens precedent.

⚠️

常见错误

Learners often mistakenly apply this term to lawsuits against state-level police; however, those fall under statutory law, not the bivenship doctrine. Also, avoid using it in non-legal, general conversations.

💡

记忆技巧

Think of the 'Bivens' case as a 'Ship' (vessel) that carries a citizen's right to sue federal agents into the harbor of the court system.

📖

词源

Derived from the landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case 'Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics'.

语法模式

Used primarily as an attributive adjective before nouns. Derived from a proper noun, so it is often capitalized in legal texts. Non-gradable adjective (something is either related to Bivens or it is not).
🌍

文化背景

The term reflects the unique U.S. legal history where judicial precedent, rather than a statute, created a way to hold federal officers personally accountable for constitutional violations.

快速测验

The attorney argued that the federal agent's search was a clear ________ violation that warranted a civil lawsuit for damages.

正确!

正确答案是: a

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