bivenship
Pertaining to the legal framework or status derived from the Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents precedent, which allows individuals to sue federal officials for constitutional violations. It describes the specific remedial and procedural characteristics of such legal actions within the federal court system.
例句
3 / 5The lawyer explained that our case had certain bivenship qualities that might allow us to sue the federal agent.
The lawyer explained that our case had certain bivenship qualities that might allow us to sue the federal agent.
The court rejected the bivenship argument, citing the lack of a clear legislative mandate for such a remedy.
The court rejected the bivenship argument, citing the lack of a clear legislative mandate for such a remedy.
They're trying to make this a bivenship thing, but I don't think it'll stick in court.
They're trying to make this a bivenship thing, but I don't think it'll stick in court.
词族
记忆技巧
Think of the 'Bivens' case as a 'Ship' (vessel) that carries a citizen's right to sue federal agents into the harbor of the court system.
快速测验
The attorney argued that the federal agent's search was a clear ________ violation that warranted a civil lawsuit for damages.
正确！
正确答案是： a
例句
The lawyer explained that our case had certain bivenship qualities that might allow us to sue the federal agent.
everydayThe lawyer explained that our case had certain bivenship qualities that might allow us to sue the federal agent.
The court rejected the bivenship argument, citing the lack of a clear legislative mandate for such a remedy.
formalThe court rejected the bivenship argument, citing the lack of a clear legislative mandate for such a remedy.
They're trying to make this a bivenship thing, but I don't think it'll stick in court.
informalThey're trying to make this a bivenship thing, but I don't think it'll stick in court.
Scholars argue that bivenship precedents have been significantly narrowed by recent Supreme Court decisions.
academicScholars argue that bivenship precedents have been significantly narrowed by recent Supreme Court decisions.
The agency's legal department evaluated the bivenship risks associated with the new federal enforcement policy.
businessThe agency's legal department evaluated the bivenship risks associated with the new federal enforcement policy.
词族
常见搭配
常用短语
bivenship standing
bivenship standing
bivenship scope
bivenship scope
bivenship context
bivenship context
容易混淆的词
Citizenship refers to the status of being a citizen of a country, whereas bivenship refers to a specific legal doctrine involving federal liability.
Section 1983 applies to state and local officials, while bivenship (Bivens) applies specifically to federal officials.
使用说明
This term is highly technical and primarily used in American legal education or specific federal litigation contexts. It is almost always used to modify a noun like 'claim' or 'liability' to denote that the action is based on the Bivens precedent.
常见错误
Learners often mistakenly apply this term to lawsuits against state-level police; however, those fall under statutory law, not the bivenship doctrine. Also, avoid using it in non-legal, general conversations.
记忆技巧
Think of the 'Bivens' case as a 'Ship' (vessel) that carries a citizen's right to sue federal agents into the harbor of the court system.
词源
Derived from the landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case 'Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics'.
语法模式
文化背景
The term reflects the unique U.S. legal history where judicial precedent, rather than a statute, created a way to hold federal officers personally accountable for constitutional violations.
快速测验
The attorney argued that the federal agent's search was a clear ________ violation that warranted a civil lawsuit for damages.
正确！
正确答案是： a
相关词汇
相关词
complement
A2A thing that completes or brings to perfection something else. In grammar, it refers to a word or phrase that follows a verb and provides more information about the subject or object.
compound
A2Describes something that is made of two or more separate parts or elements joined together. It is often used to talk about words, sentences, or chemical substances that have multiple components.
conceive
A2To form an idea, plan, or concept in the mind. It is also the medical term used to describe when a woman becomes pregnant.
confer
A2To discuss something with other people in order to reach a decision or exchange ideas. It can also mean to officially give an honor, title, or degree to someone.
conform
A2To behave according to rules, standards, or what is expected by a group of people. It means to fit in or act in a way that matches others.
consecutive
A2Following one after another in a continuous series without any breaks. It describes things that happen in a logical order, like numbers (1, 2, 3) or days (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday).
consistency
A2Consistency is the quality of always acting or behaving in the same way. it also describes how thick or smooth a liquid or substance is.
disclude
B1Describing a state where someone or something is left out, omitted, or not allowed to participate in a group or activity. It refers to the condition of being kept apart from a whole or a set.
antiformous
B1Describes a shape or structure that is curved or folded upwards like an arch. It is most often used in geology and geometry to describe a convex surface.
interspect
B1Describing a person who is thoughtful and focused on their own internal thoughts and feelings. It refers to the act of looking inward to examine one's own emotions and motives rather than focusing on external things.
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