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noun

The act of examining or assessing something again with the possibility of change. In education, it means studying material again for an exam.

"يجب القيام بمراجعة شاملة للمنهج."

adjective

Mutually opposed or inconsistent. It describes ideas, statements, or data that cannot both be true at the same time.

"قدم الشاهدان تقريرين متناقضين."

noun

Activities that provide amusement, enjoyment, or relaxation during one's free time.

"تعتبر ألعاب الفيديو وسيلة تسلية شائعة."

noun

The act of recording or providing evidence/references for information. In academic writing, it refers to citing sources correctly.

"يعد توثيق المصادر جزءاً أساسياً من البحث العلمي."

adjective

Done or happening without a specific plan, purpose, or pattern. Often used in statistics to describe sampling methods.

"تم اختيار المشاركين في الدراسة بشكل عشوائي لضمان الدقة."

noun

The action of confirming something or emphasizing a statement to ensure it is understood as true or important.

"يجب تأكيد الحجز قبل موعد الرحلة بـ 24 ساعة."

adjective

Easy to see or notice; remarkable or significant in amount or degree.

"هناك تقدم ملحوظ في مستوى الطالب هذا الشهر."

adjective

Relating to an initial stage or a starting point; preliminary or tentative.

"توصل الطرفان إلى اتفاق مبدئي قبل توقيع العقود النهائية."

noun

The state of being scarce or in short supply; a lack of something.

"تؤدي ندرة المياه في بعض المناطق إلى مشاكل زراعية خطيرة."

noun

A situation in which something happens later than it should or the act of making something happen later.

"نعتذر عن التأخير في الرد على رسالتكم."

noun

A series of special events, such as concerts or drama performances, organized in a particular place.

"يقام مهرجان القراءة كل عام في عاصمتنا."

noun

An expression or feeling of disapproval or opposition; a reason for disagreeing. Often used in formal complaints.

"قدم الجيران اعتراضاً على بناء المصنع."

noun

A person undergoing training for a particular job or profession.

"يعمل خالد كمتدرب في شركة هندسية."

adjective

Lasting for only a limited period of time; not permanent.

"تم إيجاد حل مؤقت للمشكلة حتى يتم التوصل إلى قرار نهائي."

noun

The degree of compactness of a substance; in geography, the number of people or things in a specific area.

"تزداد الكثافة السكانية في المدن الكبرى بشكل كبير."

noun

The action or process of moving along in a steady, continuous stream, like water, money, or information.

"يساعد الاستثمار الأجنبي في زيادة تدفق العملات الصعبة."

adjective

Capable of being touched or felt; having real, physical existence. Also used for results that are clearly visible or effective.

"حققت المفاوضات نتائج ملموسة على أرض الواقع."

adjective

As much as is needed; enough for a particular purpose.

"ليس لدينا وقت كافٍ لإنهاء المشروع اليوم."

noun

An official document giving someone authorization to do something, or a formal statement.

"يجب الحصول على تصريح قبل دخول المنطقة العسكرية."

noun

A state of being crowded or blocked, especially referring to traffic or people in a limited space. It is a common problem in urban planning and modern life.

"يعاني سكان المدن من الازدحام المروري اليومي."

noun

The act of quoting or referencing a source, author, or passage in scholarly work. (Note: in religious contexts, it also means martyrdom, but in IELTS it refers to citations).

"يجب الاستشهاد بالمصادر العلمية لتجنب السرقة الأدبية."

noun

A situation in which two or more things are inconsistent, incompatible, or in opposition. Frequently used in 'conflict of interest'.

"هناك تضارب في الآراء حول فوائد التكنولوجيا الجديدة."

noun

The process of bringing goods or services into a country from abroad for sale. It is a fundamental concept in international trade.

"تعتمد الدولة على استيراد القمح لتغطية احتياجاتها."

noun

A central value of a set of numbers (mean/average). Also used as an adjective to describe something of middle size or quality.

"يبلغ متوسط الدخل في هذه المدينة 2000 دولار."

noun

A period of ten years. Frequently used in IELTS to discuss historical trends or changes over time.

"تطورت التكنولوجيا بشكل مذهل في العقد الأخير."

noun

The amount or number of something that can be measured or counted. A fundamental word for IELTS Task 1 data description.

"يجب تقليل كمية السكر في الطعام."

noun

The standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind; the degree of excellence. Often paired with 'quantity' in evaluations.

"نحن نهتم بجودة المنتجات أكثر من كميتها."

noun

The act of thinking or believing that something will happen in the future. In IELTS, this is used for future trends or predictions in graphs.

"فاقت النتائج كل التوقعات."

noun

The total number of people living in a particular area, city, or country. A very frequent topic in IELTS Academic Task 1 and Task 2.

"يزداد عدد سكان العالم بسرعة كبيرة."

noun

The activity of buying and selling goods and services, especially on a large scale. It is a fundamental economic term used in academic modules on globalization and development.

"تعتمد دبي على التجارة العالمية كجزء أساسي من اقتصادها."

noun

The stage of human social and cultural development and organization that is considered most advanced. It is a major topic in IELTS Reading passages and historical academic texts.

"تعتبر الحضارة المصرية القديمة من أعظم الحضارات."

noun

The power or ability to do work; also refers to physical resources like electricity, oil, or solar power used for fuel.

"يجب أن نبحث عن مصادر جديدة للطاقة المتجددة."

noun

Places, services, or equipment provided for a particular purpose, such as public toilets, parks, or hospitals.

"تفتقر القرية إلى المرافق الصحية الأساسية."

noun

The condition of being extremely poor; the lack of enough money or possessions to meet basic needs.

"يجب على العالم التعاون للقضاء على الفقر."

noun

A great quantity of money, property, or valuable resources owned by a person or a country.

"تمتلك البلاد ثروة نفطية هائلة."

noun

A state of difference, variation, or inequality between things or people. It is commonly used in academic papers to describe gaps in income, education, or quality.

"يوجد تفاوت كبير في مستوى المعيشة بين المدن والقرى."