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noun

The process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.

"해안가에 있는 바위들이 파도에 의해 침식되었습니다."

noun

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.

"식물은 광합성을 통해 필요한 에너지를 만듭니다."

noun

The occurrence of an event by chance without an apparent cause, plan, or intention.

"길에서 옛 친구를 만난 것은 정말 우연이었습니다."

noun

The act of correcting or improving a rule, law, or textbook by changing some parts of it.

"정부는 새로운 도로 교통법 개정안을 발표했다."

noun

The set of tools, machines, or clothing needed for a particular activity or purpose.

"등산을 가기 전에 안전 장비를 점검해야 합니다."

noun

Acting in accordance with or fulfilling expectations, demands, or a certain trend. It means to satisfy a standard set by others.

"우리는 고객의 요구에 부응하는 서비스를 제공해야 합니다."

noun

Relating to education and scholarship, especially at a college or university level; academic pursuits or studies.

"이 잡지는 권위 있는 학술 정보를 제공합니다."

noun

The scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past.

"그는 대학에서 인류학을 전공하고 있습니다."

noun

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life, including the conversion of food to energy.

"규칙적인 운동은 신체의 신진대사를 활발하게 합니다."

noun

A celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star (such as the sun).

"지구는 태양계에서 생명체가 살고 있는 유일한 행성입니다."

noun

A traditional story, especially one concerning the early history of a people or explaining some natural or social phenomenon, and typically involving supernatural beings or events.

"그리스 신화에는 많은 신들과 영웅들이 등장합니다."

noun

A higher rank, position, or category in a hierarchy or list.

"그는 성적이 전교 상위 1%에 속한다."

noun

A lower rank, position, or category in a hierarchy or list.

"하위 메뉴에서 설정을 변경할 수 있습니다."

adjective

Having a very close, tight, and inseparable relationship or connection. It is often used to describe cooperation or the link between two concepts.

"두 나라는 긴밀한 협력 관계를 유지하고 있다."

verb

To mistake one thing for another or to fail to distinguish between two or more things, leading to confusion.

"쌍둥이 형제를 서로 혼동하는 경우가 많다."

verb

To judge, conclude, or predict something in advance, often without sufficient evidence or before the final result is known.

"아직 결과를 예단하기에는 이릅니다."

noun

The amount of money paid to a school or university for the teaching and instruction provided.

"대학교 수업료가 너무 비싸서 걱정이에요."

noun

The act of reviewing or studying again what has already been learned.

"수업이 끝난 후에는 반드시 복습을 해야 기억에 오래 남습니다."

noun

The act of accepting or receiving ideas, criticism, or people. It can also refer to the accommodation of people in a facility.

"타인의 비판을 겸허하게 수용하는 태도가 필요하다."

verb

To produce offspring; to reproduce or multiply in number. This is a core biological term for TOEFL.

"해충은 습한 환경에서 빠르게 번식합니다."

verb

To become smaller or tighter; to contract. The opposite of '팽창하다'.

"근육은 힘을 줄 때 수축합니다."

adverb

By chance, accidentally, or unexpectedly. Often used in TOEFL listening narratives or history passages about accidental discoveries.

"길을 가다가 우연히 옛 친구를 만났습니다."

noun

The branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. A very common topic in TOEFL listening lectures.

"그는 어릴 때부터 별을 보는 것을 좋아해서 천문학을 전공했습니다."

noun

Written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit. This topic appears in TOEFL reading passages about famous authors or literary movements.

"그는 고전 문학을 읽는 것을 매우 좋아합니다."

noun

The branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth. A common academic subject in TOEFL listening and reading.

"경제학을 공부하면 세상의 흐름을 이해하는 데 도움이 됩니다."

noun

A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles. A key term in TOEFL topics about climate change and geology.

"지구 온난화로 인해 북극의 빙하가 빠르게 녹고 있습니다."

verb

To complete or take a specific course or a required number of credits in a school or training center. Essential for TOEFL university administrative topics.

"졸업을 하려면 전공 과목을 반드시 이수해야 한다."

noun

The start of a university semester or a specific series of lectures. A vital word for TOEFL Listening about university schedules.

"다음 주에 드디어 대학교 개강이다."

noun

The end of a university semester or the completion of a series of lectures. Students often discuss this when planning for vacations.

"종강 후에 유럽 여행을 갈 거야."

adjective

Producing or capable of producing abundant vegetation or crops. Usually refers to land or soil that is rich in nutrients.

"나일강 주변의 토지는 매우 비옥합니다."

noun

The practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.

"인류는 농경을 시작하면서 정착 생활을 하게 되었습니다."

noun

The act of bursting or forcing out something, such as lava from a volcano or emotions from a person. It implies a sudden and powerful release.

"화산 분출로 인해 근처 마을 주민들이 대피했다."

noun

The release or emission of something, such as light, heat, gas, or radiation. It can also refer to releasing a player from a sports team.

"공장은 대기 중으로 이산화탄소를 방출한다."

noun

The state of being absent from a place or event, especially a school or university class.

"그는 감기 때문에 오늘 학교에 결석했다."

noun

The action of becoming larger or more extensive in size, volume, or scope. Often used in physics (gases) or economics (market expansion).

"온도가 올라가면 공기는 팽창하기 시작한다."

verb

To exercise power or influence over something to keep it within certain limits or to direct its behavior. Often used in academic contexts regarding government policy or scientific experiments.

"정부는 물가 상승을 통제하기 위해 노력하고 있습니다."