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noun

The act of joining or combining two or more things into one. It is used in chemistry (bonding), technology (integration), and social sciences (union).

"수소와 산소의 결합으로 물이 생성된다."

noun

1. To operate a machine or device. 2. To manipulate data or facts, often in a dishonest way. 3. In research, the deliberate alteration of independent variables.

"연구 결과의 조작은 학문적 윤리에 어긋나는 행위이다."

noun/determiner

Lasting or intended to last or remain unchanged forever. Often used in contrast with 'temporary'.

"그들은 영구적인 평화를 위해 협상을 시작했다."

noun

A complex state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence thought and behavior. It often refers to a person's emotional state or the common sentiment of a group.

"음악은 인간의 정서 발달에 큰 도움을 준다."

verb

To intentionally avoid or evade something that is perceived as difficult, unpleasant, or burdensome.

"힘든 일을 기피하는 현상이 심화되고 있다."

verb

To contain or involve a meaning, quality, or risk as a natural part of something. It suggests an implicit inclusion.

"이 문장은 중의적인 의미를 내포하고 있다."

verb

To look away from something, or to intentionally ignore or turn a blind eye to a fact, reality, or person in need.

"우리는 사회적 약자의 고통을 외면해서는 안 된다."

verb

To lead someone in the wrong direction or give a false impression; to mislead or misguide through incorrect information.

"잘못된 통계는 대중을 오도할 수 있다."

verb

To be inherent or immanent within something. It describes qualities, risks, or properties that are naturally part of a system, object, or person.

"모든 기술 발전에는 위험 요소가 내재되어 있다."

noun

Stratification; the process of dividing something into different layers or levels, especially social classes or categories.

"경제적 불평등은 사회의 계층화를 심화시킨다."

noun

Schematization; the act of representing something in a simplified chart, diagram, or systematic pattern. It is often used to make complex ideas easier to understand.

"복잡한 경제 이론을 도표로 도식화하여 설명했다."

noun

A formal discussion or debate on a particular topic, often referring to the way a subject is spoken about in society.

"최근 기후 변화에 대한 사회적 담론이 활발해지고 있다."

noun

The lowest or fundamental part of something; the basis or underlying foundation of a phenomenon.

"그의 행동 기저에는 불안감이 깔려 있었다."

adjective

Originating from or relating to the outside of a thing or person. It often refers to rewards or pressures that come from external sources rather than personal satisfaction.

"외재적 보상은 단기적인 성과를 높이는 데 효과적일 수 있습니다."

noun

The quality or state of being individual or unique. It refers to characteristics that distinguish one person or thing from others.

"현대 교육은 학생 개개인의 개별성을 존중해야 합니다."

noun

The part of the mind that a person is not fully aware of but that influences their actions and feelings. Subconscious.

"어린 시절의 경험은 잠재의식 속에 깊이 자리 잡는다."

noun

The process of something becoming a fixed pattern or mold. It often refers to stereotypes or standardized ways of thinking and acting.

"대중 매체는 종종 성 역할에 대한 정형화된 이미지를 생산한다."

noun

The state of being mutually connected or related. It emphasizes how multiple factors influence each other.

"경제 성장과 교육 수준 사이에는 깊은 상호연관성이 존재한다."

verb

To be transferred or spread from one place, person, or thing to another. Used in medical (metastasis), psychological (transfer of learning), or social contexts.

"암세포가 다른 장기로 전이되었다."

verb

To represent or symbolize an idea, object, or feeling through an image or a specific form. It refers to the mental or artistic representation of reality.

"비둘기는 평화를 표상한다."

adjective

Capable of being reversed or turned back to an original state. In science, it refers to processes or reactions that can go in both directions.

"이 화학 반응은 조건에 따라 가역적이다."

adjective

Growing or developing naturally without outside help or influence. It refers to something that originates from within a specific environment or system spontaneously.

"그 마을에서는 자생적인 공동체 문화가 생겨났다."

verb

To accompany or go along with something, often used when one phenomenon causes or occurs simultaneously with another. In academic contexts, it refers to consequences or parallel trends.

"경제 성장은 필연적으로 물가 상승을 동반한다."

verb

To emerge as a significant issue, trend, or figure; to rise to the surface of public attention.

"환경 보호가 국제 사회의 핵심 의제로 부상했다."

verb

To slow down or become less active. It is often used to describe economic growth, speed, or the rate of progress decreasing.

"수출 부진으로 인해 경제 성장세가 둔화되고 있다."

verb

To rationalize or justify an action or thought, often to make it seem reasonable even if it is not; also to make a system more efficient.

"그는 자신의 실수를 환경 탓으로 합리화했다."

adjective

To be skeptical or doubtful about the truth, success, or value of something. It describes a critical or questioning attitude toward a theory or plan.

"전문가들은 그 프로젝트의 성공 가능성에 대해 회의적이다."

verb

To emit, radiate, or give off something (like light, heat, or energy), or to express one's feelings or talents outwardly and strongly.

"그녀는 무대 위에서 자신의 매력을 마음껏 발산했다."

verb

To be contrary to, to conflict with, or to be inconsistent with something else (like opinions, interests, or facts).

"그의 진술은 목격자의 증언과 상치된다."

noun

The act of diversifying or expanding into various fields or methods. Often used in business strategies to reduce risk.

"수출 시장의 다각화는 국가 경제의 안정성을 높인다."

verb

To be delayed or slowed down. Used when a process, schedule, or development does not proceed at the expected speed.

"폭설로 인해 열차 운행이 지체되고 있다."

noun

A task or problem that must be solved before anything else can be done; a prerequisite.

"경제 회복을 위한 선결과제는 물가 안정이다."

adjective

Divided into separate parts or segments. In linguistics or social science, it refers to something that is not continuous but broken into distinct units.

"우리는 세상을 분절적인 정보의 집합으로 인식하기도 한다."

verb

To take the lead in asserting or advocating for a specific doctrine, movement, or theory. It is more formal than simply 'suggesting' or 'claiming'.

"그 학자는 새로운 교육 모델의 필요성을 주창했다."

adjective

Based on one's own will or random choice, rather than on a system, reason, or objective standard; arbitrary.

"그 규칙은 심판의 자의적인 판단에 따라 적용되었다."

noun

The act of returning to an original state, place, or stage; in statistics, it refers to a method of estimating the relationship between variables.

"연어는 알을 낳기 위해 자신이 태어난 강으로 회귀한다."