基础设施

To rise rapidly or soar in a short period of time. It is commonly used to describe sharp increases in prices, temperatures, or statistical data.

Describing a change that is very sudden, rapid, and often severe in intensity. It is commonly used in IELTS Task 1 to describe graph trends.

Not likely to change or fail; firmly established. Often used to describe trends in Task 1 or social systems.

To use up a resource (time, money, energy) or to buy and use goods and services.

To put money, effort, or time into something with the expectation of achieving a profit or advantage in the future.

A time of intense difficulty, trouble, or danger. It can refer to financial, environmental, or personal situations.

The management of revenues, expenditures, and debt, especially of a government or public body. It is a vital term for IELTS Academic Task 2 essays on government spending.

The total amount of something that is produced, especially by an industry or agriculture.

The system of manufacturing and processing raw materials into finished goods in factories. It is a key sector of the economy alongside agriculture and services.

The science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.