留级

You use 留级 as a verb. You can say someone 留级了 (repeated a grade). You can also use it as a noun-like state. For example, 'I am a 留级生' (a student who repeated a grade). It is simple and direct. You don't need fancy grammar to make it work. Just attach it to the person who is staying back.

Use it when talking about school or university progress. It is perfect for telling a story about a friend who played too many video games. You might use it when discussing academic policies. It is also common in parenting circles when discussing a child's development. It fits naturally in conversations about childhood memories or stressful exam seasons.

Do not use 留级 for skipping a grade; that is 跳级. Avoid using it for professional promotions. You wouldn't say you 'repeated a grade' at work if you didn't get promoted. It is strictly for the education system. Also, be careful using it to tease someone. It can be a sensitive topic for those who actually struggled in school.

In China, academic success is a huge deal. 留级 used to carry a significant social stigma. It was seen as a 'failure' for the whole family. However, the system has changed recently. Many cities have actually banned 'repeating' in compulsory education to reduce pressure. Now, if you hear someone 留级, it might be for health reasons. It is less of a 'shame' and more of a life detour now.

The most common variation is 留级生 (liú jí shēng). This refers to the person themselves. You might also hear 降级 (jiàng jí), which means to be demoted to a lower grade. If you want to be more formal, you could say 留级处理 (handled by repeating a grade). But for daily coffee chats, 留级 is your go-to word.