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Actions and Results: Nouns and Passives
Masdar: Governing Objects
To say 'Doing Something' in Arabic, use the Masdar followed immediately by the object in the genitive case.
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- Masdar is the 'noun' version of a verb.
- It connects to objects like a possession phrase.
- Structure: Masdar + Object (with Kasra).
- Translates to English '-ing' phrases.
Quick Reference
| Verb (Action) | Masdar (Concept) | Masdar + Object Phrase | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| kataba (to write) | kitaba | kitabat al-risaala | Writing the letter |
| shariba (to drink) | shurb | shurb al-maa' | Drinking water |
| akalam (to eat) | akl | akl al-tuffah | Eating apples |
| fahima (to understand) | fahm | fahm al-dars | Understanding the lesson |
| qara'a (to read) | qira'a | qira'at al-kutub | Reading books |
| darasa (to study) | dirasa | dirasat al-lugha | Studying the language |
主な例文
3 / 8أُحِبُّ شُربَ القَهوةِ كُلَّ صَبَاح
I like drinking coffee every morning.
طَلَبُ الطَعَامِ سَهلٌ هُنا
Ordering food is easy here.
مُمَارَسَةُ الرِيَاضَةِ مُهِمَّةٌ جِدّاً
Practicing sports is very important.
The 'Of' Trick
If you get confused, translate the Arabic Masdar phrase literally into English using 'of'. 'Shurb al-ma' = 'Drinking OF the water'. If it sounds like 'of', you know the second word needs a Kasra!
No Double Definition
Never put 'Al' (the) on both words! You can't say `Al-shurb al-qahwa`. It's like saying 'The drinking the coffee'. Pick the second word for the 'Al'.
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- Masdar is the 'noun' version of a verb.
- It connects to objects like a possession phrase.
- Structure: Masdar + Object (with Kasra).
- Translates to English '-ing' phrases.
Overview
Meet the Masdar. It sounds like a sci-fi villain, but it’s actually your best friend in Arabic. A Masdar is simply the "name" of an action—like "swimming," "eating," or "reading" in English. Instead of saying "I read," you can talk about the concept of "reading" itself. It turns a verb into a noun, giving you a superpower: you can talk about activities without worrying about who is doing them or when they happened. It’s the difference between "He runs" (specific) and "Running is healthy" (general).
How This Grammar Works
Here is the cool part: A Masdar can still have an object, just like a verb! If you want to say "Drinking coffee," you use the Masdar for "drinking" and put "coffee" right after it. In Arabic, this relationship is super tight. They act like a pair. Because the Masdar is technically a noun, it treats the object like it "owns" it. Grammatically, this looks exactly like the "Idafa" (possession) structure you might already know (like "car of the man"). So, "Drinking coffee" is literally structured as "Drinking of coffee."
Formation Pattern
- 1Find the Masdar (e.g.,
shurbfor drinking). - 2Place the object immediately after it (e.g.,
al-qahwafor coffee). - 3The Grammar Glue: The object takes the Genitive case (Majrour). This means if you are reading vowel markings, the object gets a Kasra (i) at the end.
- 4Structure:
Masdar+Noun (with Kasra) - 5Example:
shurb+al-qahwa=shurbu al-qahwati.
When To Use It
Use this when you want to make general statements, express likes/dislikes, or talk about hobbies. It’s perfect for:
- "I like listening to music."
- "Learning Arabic is fun."
- "Ordering food is easy."
When Not To Use It
Don't use the Masdar if you are describing a specific action happening right now with a specific doer. If you want to say, "I am drinking coffee right now," stick to the verb (ashrabu). The Masdar is for the *idea* of the action, not the live event. Think of the Masdar as the movie title, and the verb as the movie actually playing.
Common Mistakes
- The Double AL Mistake: Putting
al-(the) on the Masdar when it has an object. Wrong:al-shurb al-qahwa. Correct:shurb al-qahwa. The Masdar hatesal-when it's owning an object! - The Case Crash: Forgetting that the object gets a Kasra. Students often leave it with a Fatha (a) because they think it's a verb's object. In this structure, it's a partner noun, so give it a Kasra.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- Verb + Object:
ashrabu al-qahwa(I drink the coffee). Here, coffee has a Fatha (object case). - Masdar + Object:
shurbu al-qahwati(Drinking [of] the coffee). Here, coffee has a Kasra (possession case).
Quick FAQ
Q: Can I use Masdar for everything?
Not really. It's great for concepts, but verbs are better for storytelling.
Q: How do I know the Masdar pattern?
They vary! Unlike English "-ing," Arabic Masdars have different shapes. You memorize them with the verb, like a sidekick.
Reference Table
| Verb (Action) | Masdar (Concept) | Masdar + Object Phrase | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| kataba (to write) | kitaba | kitabat al-risaala | Writing the letter |
| shariba (to drink) | shurb | shurb al-maa' | Drinking water |
| akalam (to eat) | akl | akl al-tuffah | Eating apples |
| fahima (to understand) | fahm | fahm al-dars | Understanding the lesson |
| qara'a (to read) | qira'a | qira'at al-kutub | Reading books |
| darasa (to study) | dirasa | dirasat al-lugha | Studying the language |
The 'Of' Trick
If you get confused, translate the Arabic Masdar phrase literally into English using 'of'. 'Shurb al-ma' = 'Drinking OF the water'. If it sounds like 'of', you know the second word needs a Kasra!
No Double Definition
Never put 'Al' (the) on both words! You can't say `Al-shurb al-qahwa`. It's like saying 'The drinking the coffee'. Pick the second word for the 'Al'.
Polite Requests
Masdars are often used in signs or formal instructions. `Mamnoo' al-tadkheen` (Smoking is forbidden). It's softer and more professional than saying 'Don't smoke!'.
Pronunciation Smoothness
When saying `shurbu al-qahwa`, blend the `u` at the end of `shurbu` directly into the `l` of `al-qahwa`. It flows like one long word: `shurbul-qahwa`.
例文
8أُحِبُّ شُربَ القَهوةِ كُلَّ صَبَاح
Focus: shurb al-qahwa
I like drinking coffee every morning.
Standard usage expressing a preference.
طَلَبُ الطَعَامِ سَهلٌ هُنا
Focus: talab al-ta'am
Ordering food is easy here.
Masdar as the subject of the sentence.
مُمَارَسَةُ الرِيَاضَةِ مُهِمَّةٌ جِدّاً
Focus: mumarasat al-riyada
Practicing sports is very important.
Notice the feminine ending `ta-marbuta` on the Masdar connecting to the next word.
هُوَ يُريدُ تَعَلُّمَ العَرَبِيَّةِ
Focus: ta'allum al-arabiyya
He wants to learn Arabic (lit: the learning of Arabic).
Common usage after 'want' (yureed).
تَركُ البَابِ مَفتُوحاً خَطَر
Focus: tark al-baab
Leaving the door open is dangerous.
Edge case: Masdar with object + adjective.
هَل تُحِبُّ سَمَاعَ المُوسِيقَى؟
Focus: samaa' al-musiqa
Do you like listening to music?
Question form.
شُربُ القَهوَةِ جَيِّد
Focus: shurb al-qahwa
Drinking coffee is good.
Mistake Correction: Never put 'Al' on the Masdar in this structure.
أُحِبُّ أَكلَ التُفَّاح
Focus: akl al-tuffah
I like eating apples.
Mistake Correction: Using the past tense verb 'akala' instead of Masdar 'akl'.
自分をテスト
Choose the correct form to complete 'I like reading books'.
أنا أحب ___ الكتب (Ana uhibbu ___ al-kutub)
You need the noun (Masdar) here to say 'reading', not a conjugated verb.
Select the correct structure for 'Eating pizza'.
___ البيتزا لذيذ (___ al-pizza ladheez)
When connecting to an object (Pizza), drop the 'Al-' from the Masdar.
Identify the correct vowel ending for the object 'tea' in 'Drinking tea'.
شرب الشاي (Shurb al-shay___)
In the Masdar structure, the object takes the genitive case (Kasra) because it acts like a possessor.
🎉 スコア： /3
ビジュアル学習ツール
Building the Phrase
Start with Masdar?
Adding an object?
Add object with 'Al-'?
Result
Verb vs. Masdar Structure
Common Masdars
Daily Life
- • Shurb (Drinking)
- • Akl (Eating)
Hobbies
- • La'ib (Playing)
- • Rasm (Drawing)
よくある質問
20 問It is grammatically a noun! That means it can be the subject of a sentence, or the object of another verb. Example: al-akl mamnoo' (Eating is forbidden).
No. For 'I am eating' (right now), use the verb a'kulu. Masdar is for the general idea, like 'Eating is necessary'.
Because the Masdar and its object form a 'possession' pair (Idafa). Just like kitab al-walad (book of the boy), shurb al-qahwa is grammatically 'drinking of the coffee'.
Yes, almost all verbs have a Masdar form. You usually learn them together, like learning a state capital with the state.
Sometimes! Just like 'studying' vs 'studies' in English. But for A1, stick to the singular form for activities.
You can cheat! Use an + verb (e.g., an ashraba). But learning the Masdar shurb makes you sound much more fluent.
No! The Masdar is neutral. Akl is always akl, whether a man or a woman is doing the eating.
Yes! shurb qahwa means 'drinking coffee' (any coffee). shurb al-qahwa means 'drinking the coffee'. Both work!
It's standard Arabic (MSA), but dialects use Masdars all the time too. It's very common in everyday speech.
You add a pronoun suffix! Qira'ati (My reading). Masdars love suffixes.
Exactly! If you know what a gerund is in English grammar (words ending in -ing acting as nouns), that is the Masdar.
Patterns vary. Kitaba (writing) ends in ah, but Akl (eating) doesn't. It depends on the 'weight' of the verb.
Yes! Akl al-tuffah mufid (Eating apples is healthy). The adjective mufid describes the act of eating.
No. It is timeless. It just names the action. Context tells you when it happens.
Usually the thing being acted upon (the object), or sometimes the person doing it (the subject). For A1, focus on the object.
Yes! Ureedu al-noom (I want sleeping / I want to sleep). It's a very common way to use it.
Close! It's Uhibbu al-sibaha. Vowels matter!
Use adam (lack of) before it. Adam al-akl (Not eating). But that's a bit advanced. Usually, just negate the main verb: La uhibbu al-akl.
Not really. It's actually a shortcut. It saves you from conjugating verbs for every single person!
Treating it like a verb and trying to add 'I' or 'You' to the front of it. It's a noun, treat it like 'The table' or 'The house'.
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