결여
The state of lacking something that is necessary or expected. It is commonly used for abstract qualities like common sense, responsibility, or confidence.
Examples
3 of 5자신감 결여는 대인 관계에 어려움을 줄 수 있습니다.
A lack of confidence can cause difficulties in interpersonal relationships.
연구 결과의 객관성 결여가 가장 큰 문제로 지적되었다.
The lack of objectivity in the research results was pointed out as the biggest problem.
너는 왜 그렇게 배려심이 결여됐니?
Why are you so lacking in consideration?
Word Family
Memory Tip
Think of 'Gyeol' as 'Gyeol-seok' (absent)—the quality is absent/missing.
Quick Quiz
그의 주장은 논리적 근거가 ____ 있어 설득력이 떨어진다.
Correct!
The correct answer is: 결여되어
Examples
자신감 결여는 대인 관계에 어려움을 줄 수 있습니다.
everydayA lack of confidence can cause difficulties in interpersonal relationships.
연구 결과의 객관성 결여가 가장 큰 문제로 지적되었다.
academicThe lack of objectivity in the research results was pointed out as the biggest problem.
너는 왜 그렇게 배려심이 결여됐니?
informalWhy are you so lacking in consideration?
이 계획은 구체적인 실행 방안이 결여되어 실행하기 어렵습니다.
businessThis plan lacks concrete implementation steps, making it difficult to execute.
정치인들의 책임감 결여에 국민들이 실망하고 있다.
formalThe public is disappointed by the politicians' lack of responsibility.
Word Family
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
상식 결여
lack of common sense
일관성 결여
lack of consistency
Often Confused With
부족 is a general 'shortage' (e.g., money, time), while 결여 usually refers to the total absence of a necessary abstract quality.
Usage Notes
Mostly used with the verb '되다' as in '결여되다'. It's very effective for formal critiques.
Common Mistakes
Do not use for physical items like 'lacking milk' (use 부족하다).
Memory Tip
Think of 'Gyeol' as 'Gyeol-seok' (absent)—the quality is absent/missing.
Word Origin
From Sino-Korean 缺如 (결여), meaning 'gap' and 'like/if'.
Grammar Patterns
Quick Quiz
그의 주장은 논리적 근거가 ____ 있어 설득력이 떨어진다.
Correct!
The correct answer is: 결여되어
Related Vocabulary
More psychology words
상실
B1The act of losing something that one used to have, such as a right, quality, or person.
지각하다
B1To perceive or become aware of something through the senses or the mind.
상기하다
B1To recall or bring something back to one's mind, or to remind someone of something.
심리
B1The mental state, emotions, or processes of a person or group. It often refers to the study of the human mind.
탄력성
B1The ability of an object to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed; or the ability of a person or system to recover quickly from difficulties.
공감대
B1A shared feeling, consensus, or common ground among a group of people.
성숙
B1The state of being fully grown or developed, either physically or mentally. It can also describe a society or industry that has reached a stable and advanced stage.
열망
B1A strong, passionate desire or longing for something, often an ambitious goal.
자아존중감
B2A person's overall subjective emotional evaluation of their own worth; self-esteem.
상상력
B1The faculty or action of forming new ideas, or images or concepts of external objects not present to the senses.
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