결여되다
To lack a necessary quality, component, or element. It is often used for abstract qualities like sincerity or common sense.
Examples
3 of 5이 음식은 비타민이 결여되어 있다.
This food lacks vitamins.
정부의 대책은 구체성이 결여되어 있다는 비판을 받았다.
The government's measures were criticized for lacking specificity.
걔는 예의가 좀 결여된 것 같아.
I think he lacks some manners.
Word Family
Memory Tip
Kyeol-yeo: Think of 'Kyeol' (Defect) + 'Yeo' (Zero). Zero quality, like a defect.
Quick Quiz
진정성이 ____ 된 사과는 상대방의 마음을 움직일 수 없다.
Correct!
The correct answer is: 결여
Examples
이 음식은 비타민이 결여되어 있다.
everydayThis food lacks vitamins.
정부의 대책은 구체성이 결여되어 있다는 비판을 받았다.
formalThe government's measures were criticized for lacking specificity.
걔는 예의가 좀 결여된 것 같아.
informalI think he lacks some manners.
현대 사회는 인간미가 결여된 경쟁 사회로 변하고 있다.
academicModern society is changing into a competitive society lacking humanity.
이 보고서는 논리적 근거가 결여되어 보완이 필요합니다.
businessThis report lacks logical grounds and needs supplementation.
Word Family
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
결여된 부분
lacking part
비타민 결여
vitamin deficiency
결여를 보완하다
to supplement what is lacking
Often Confused With
부족하다 is general 'not enough', while 결여되다 is more formal and implies a total absence of a required trait.
Usage Notes
A very useful word for IELTS Task 2 to critique opinions or systems.
Common Mistakes
It is a passive form (~되다), so don't use it as '결여하다' in most cases.
Memory Tip
Kyeol-yeo: Think of 'Kyeol' (Defect) + 'Yeo' (Zero). Zero quality, like a defect.
Word Origin
From Sino-Korean 缺 (to lack) + 如 (to be like).
Grammar Patterns
Quick Quiz
진정성이 ____ 된 사과는 상대방의 마음을 움직일 수 없다.
Correct!
The correct answer is: 결여
Related Vocabulary
More psychology words
기억
B1The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information. It can refer to the act of remembering or the stored information itself.
혼동하다
B1To mistake one thing for another or to fail to distinguish between two or more things, leading to confusion.
지능
B1The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills; intelligence.
상상하다
B1To imagine or visualize something that is not present. Used in TOEFL prompts that ask you to hypothesize or consider 'what if' scenarios.
연상하다
B1To associate one idea, image, or feeling with another; to be reminded of something by something else. Often tested in TOEFL Listening/Reading about psychology or art.
성취감
B1A feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get when you have done something special or difficult. It is a key internal motivator for learners and workers.
인성
B1The set of emotional and behavioral traits that characterize a person. It often refers to one's character or moral personality.
인식
B2The act of perceiving or understanding something; awareness or consciousness of a particular issue or fact.
편향
B2A tendency to lean towards one side or perspective; bias or prejudice that prevents objective consideration of an issue.
극복하다
B2To overcome or get over a difficulty, hardship, or weakness. It is often used in discussions about personal growth or social crises.
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