包括

Required by a school or university for a particular degree or course of study. Students do not have a choice and must complete these subjects.

Involving careful judgment or evaluation, especially of the merits and faults of something. In academic writing, it refers to an objective analysis of evidence.

To take someone else's work or ideas and pass them off as one's own. It is considered a serious academic offense.

A general plan or summary that gives the main points but not the details of a subject, course, or book.

The ability to read and write. It is a fundamental skill measured in social development and academic success.

A newspaper or magazine that is published regularly, especially one that deals with a particular subject or profession. In academia, it refers to peer-reviewed publications.

To recruit or admit new members, students, or employees.

To copy someone else's work, ideas, or language without giving credit, especially in an academic context.

A graduate or former student of a particular school, college, or university.

A common but incorrect belief, method, or area of understanding that leads people to make mistakes.