包括
To include; to consist of; to comprise. Used to list components of a larger whole.
Examples
3 of 5我家里有五口人，包括我。
There are five people in my family, including me.
该研究的样本包括来自全国各地的学生。
The sample of the study includes students from all over the country.
每个人都去了，包括小王。
Everyone went, including Xiao Wang.
Word Family
Memory Tip
包 (wrap/bag) + 括 (embrace/include). Wrapping everything in a bag.
Quick Quiz
这次旅行的费用____了门票和交通费。
Correct!
The correct answer is: 包括
Examples
我家里有五口人，包括我。
everydayThere are five people in my family, including me.
该研究的样本包括来自全国各地的学生。
formalThe sample of the study includes students from all over the country.
每个人都去了，包括小王。
informalEveryone went, including Xiao Wang.
自然资源包括土地、水和矿产。
academicNatural resources include land, water, and minerals.
报价包括所有税费和运输成本。
businessThe quote includes all taxes and shipping costs.
Word Family
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
包括但不限于
including but not limited to
其中包括
including...
全部包括
all-inclusive
Often Confused With
包含 (bāohán) is more abstract (e.g., containing meaning); 包括 is more concrete for listing items.
Usage Notes
Essential for defining scope and listing categories in IELTS tasks.
Common Mistakes
Avoid putting '包括' at the end of a sentence; it usually precedes the list.
Memory Tip
包 (wrap/bag) + 括 (embrace/include). Wrapping everything in a bag.
Word Origin
From '包' (to wrap/include) and '括' (to include/search).
Grammar Patterns
Quick Quiz
这次旅行的费用____了门票和交通费。
Correct!
The correct answer is: 包括
Related Vocabulary
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More education words
硕士
B1A Master's degree or a person holding a Master's degree, which is an advanced academic rank between a Bachelor's and a Doctorate.
本科
B1Undergraduate education or the Bachelor's level of university study. It refers to the standard four-year college course.
例如
B1For example; for instance. Used to introduce illustrative examples that support a general statement.
校对
B1To read and mark any errors in a piece of writing or a printed document before it is published.
钻研
B1To study intensively or delve deep into a subject or skill to master it.
跨学科
B1Relating to more than one branch of knowledge or field of study. It describes research or courses that integrate different academic disciplines.
教育
B1The process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university.
文章
B1A piece of writing included with others in a newspaper, magazine, or other publication. Also refers to a student's essay.
理论
B1A system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained. It is a cornerstone of academic research.
激励
B1To provide someone with a motive for doing something; to encourage or stimulate interest. Often used in discussions about management and learning.
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