اِجْتِهَاد

Speculation or conjecture; the forming of a theory or conjecture without firm evidence. In academic contexts, it refers to hypotheses that are not yet proven.

The act of identifying or defining something exactly; also refers to limiting or restricting something.

The act of including or containing something as a part of a whole; also refers to logical implication.

A passage or expression that is quoted or cited from a text or speech; the act of borrowing ideas or words.

The act of examining the similarities and differences between two or more people or things.

The act of making something clearer or easier to understand; an explanation or justification.

General agreement among a group of people; consensus.

Relating to established or official ways of doing something. In research, it often refers to the practical steps or definitions used in a study.

The process of clarifying, refining, or giving a definite form to an idea, plan, or concept.

A standard or source of information used for reference or as a basis for authority and judgment. It can refer to a person, a book, or a set of principles.