اِجْتِهَاد

The quality of being open and honest without secrets. In professional and academic contexts, it refers to the clarity of data and processes.

The act of evaluating or analyzing something, often highlighting both positive and negative aspects. It is common in literary and scientific reviews.

A noticeable difference or disparity between two or more things; variance in data.

A standard example, a simplified representation of a system, or a template used for copying or comparison.

Reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity; the science of correct thinking.

A suggestion or proposal as to the best course of action, especially one made by an authoritative body.

A collection of numerical data or the science of collecting and analyzing such data.

A condition in which something is required or wanted. It refers to a necessity or a lack of something essential.

The act of making an effort to achieve something. It implies a persistent pursuit or striving toward a goal.

A time of intense difficulty, trouble, or danger. It can refer to economic, social, or personal turning points that require urgent attention.