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The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information. It can refer to the act of remembering or the stored information itself.

To mistake one thing for another or to fail to distinguish between two or more things, leading to confusion.

The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills; intelligence.

To imagine or visualize something that is not present. Used in TOEFL prompts that ask you to hypothesize or consider 'what if' scenarios.

To associate one idea, image, or feeling with another; to be reminded of something by something else. Often tested in TOEFL Listening/Reading about psychology or art.

A feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get when you have done something special or difficult. It is a key internal motivator for learners and workers.

The set of emotional and behavioral traits that characterize a person. It often refers to one's character or moral personality.

The act of perceiving or understanding something; awareness or consciousness of a particular issue or fact.

A tendency to lean towards one side or perspective; bias or prejudice that prevents objective consideration of an issue.

To overcome or get over a difficulty, hardship, or weakness. It is often used in discussions about personal growth or social crises.