首都

The act of playing back audio or video, or the process of restoration, recycling, and regeneration. It describes bringing something back to its original state or starting a process again, such as biological cell growth or economic recovery.

The process of restoration, reconstruction, or revival, especially after a major disaster or a long period of decline. It refers to rebuilding a physical area, an economy, or a cultural movement to its former strength or better.

The act of repairing or restoring something that has been damaged, broken, or degraded back to its original or functional state. It is used for physical objects like buildings and art, as well as abstract things like human relationships.

The process of modifying or restructuring an existing object, system, or organization to improve its function or change its purpose. It can refer to physical alterations, such as customizing a car, or abstract changes, like reshuffling a government cabinet.

The act of making a physical object, system, or technology better by removing defects or adding better features. It focuses on the improvement of the quality, functionality, or performance of things rather than abstract concepts like habits or feelings.

Kaikaku refers to the fundamental and systemic improvement or renewal of an existing institution, organization, or policy. It implies a large-scale change intended to fix deep-seated problems rather than minor incremental adjustments.

A fundamental and radical transformation or reform in a system, society, or organization. It suggests a significant shift from an old state to a completely new, improved structure.

A complete renewal or renovation of a system, organization, or image to improve it. It implies sweeping away old, undesirable elements to start fresh with a completely new approach or appearance.

To replace something old with a newer version or to extend the validity of something like a contract or license. It is frequently used in the context of digital data updates, renewing documents, or breaking sports records.

革新 (kakushin) refers to the act of introducing new methods, ideas, or products to fundamentally change and improve an existing system or tradition. It is most commonly used in business, politics, and technology to describe 'innovation' or 'reform' that breaks away from old habits.