C1 adjective Formal

journal

/ˈdʒɜːrnəl/

Relating to or appearing in a scholarly periodical or a systematic, chronological record of professional activity. In academic and business contexts, it describes the specific format or source of data, articles, or entries maintained on a regular basis.

Examples

3 of 5
1

I bought a new journal notebook to document my personal growth during the sabbatical.

I bought a new journal notebook to document my personal growth during the sabbatical.

2

The researcher submitted a journal article for peer review in the leading medical publication.

The researcher submitted a journal article for peer review in the leading medical publication.

3

I'm just doing some journal writing to clear my head before we go out.

I'm just doing some journal writing to clear my head before we go out.

Word Family

Noun
journal
Verb
journalize
Adverb
journalistically
Adjective
journalistic
Related
journalism
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Memory Tip

Think of the word 'journey'; a journal is a record of the steps taken in a scientific or personal journey.

Quick Quiz

The professor insisted that we cite only peer-reviewed ________ sources for our literature review.

Correct!

The correct answer is: journal

Examples

1

I bought a new journal notebook to document my personal growth during the sabbatical.

everyday

I bought a new journal notebook to document my personal growth during the sabbatical.

2

The researcher submitted a journal article for peer review in the leading medical publication.

formal

The researcher submitted a journal article for peer review in the leading medical publication.

3

I'm just doing some journal writing to clear my head before we go out.

informal

I'm just doing some journal writing to clear my head before we go out.

4

The syllabus requires students to reference at least five journal sources for their final paper.

academic

The syllabus requires students to reference at least five journal sources for their final paper.

5

Every journal entry in the ledger must be verified by the senior auditor.

business

Every journal entry in the ledger must be verified by the senior auditor.

Word Family

Noun
journal
Verb
journalize
Adverb
journalistically
Adjective
journalistic
Related
journalism

Common Collocations

journal article journal article
journal entry journal entry
journal publication journal publication
journal submission journal submission
journal format journal format

Common Phrases

peer-reviewed journal

peer-reviewed journal

trade journal

trade journal

keep a journal

keep a journal

Often Confused With

journal vs diary

A diary is typically private and emotional, while a journal is often more formal, academic, or used for specific professional tracking.

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Usage Notes

While 'journal' is primarily a noun, it frequently functions as an attributive adjective in academic English (e.g., 'journal article'). Use it to distinguish scholarly serials from general magazines.

⚠️

Common Mistakes

Learners often use 'journal' to refer to any magazine; however, in a C1/Academic context, it specifically refers to peer-reviewed scholarly publications.

💡

Memory Tip

Think of the word 'journey'; a journal is a record of the steps taken in a scientific or personal journey.

📖

Word Origin

Derived from the Old French 'jornel' (daily), which stems from the Latin 'diurnalis' (of the day).

Grammar Patterns

Functions as an attributive noun (modifying another noun). Remains singular when used as a modifier (e.g., 'journal articles', not 'journals articles').
🌍

Cultural Context

In academic culture, 'journal' prestige is measured by impact factors, and 'journal publications' are the primary requirement for tenure.

Quick Quiz

The professor insisted that we cite only peer-reviewed ________ sources for our literature review.

Correct!

The correct answer is: journal

Related Words

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A state of absolute and singular dominance or authority where one entity holds supreme power over all others within a system. It describes a condition of unified supremacy, often used in political or organizational contexts to denote a total lack of competition or balance.

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An extreme or obsessive form of audism characterized by a deep-seated bias in favor of hearing and auditory perception. It manifests as a systemic or individual belief that hearing is the superior or only legitimate way to experience and communicate with the world, often marginalizing deaf or hard-of-hearing perspectives.

semigraphship

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Describing a state or characteristic of being partially graphical or semi-symbolic in nature. It refers to systems or designs that convey information through a mixture of visual graphs and literal or abstract elements.

superruptous

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To burst forth or break apart with extreme suddenness and greater intensity than a standard rupture. It is often used in technical or specialized contexts to describe the violent failure of a pressurized system or the sudden release of built-up energy.

macrocapent

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To grasp or seize a large-scale concept, system, or overview by synthesizing vast amounts of data into a single coherent understanding. It describes the act of comprehending the 'big picture' without getting lost in the minute details.

hypernavize

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comsimilant

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A person or thing that bears a strong resemblance or similarity to another, often used in comparative analysis or classification. It describes an entity that shares core characteristics with another while maintaining its own distinct identity.

unidocite

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The quality or state of being contained within a single, unified document or a singular source of instruction. In academic and legal contexts, it refers to the authoritative synthesis of multiple rules or teachings into one cohesive text.

hyperverance

C1

A state of excessive or obsessive persistence in a task, often continuing long after the effort has ceased to be productive or logical. It refers to a level of tenacity that crosses from being a virtue into a psychological or behavioral rigidity.

bispirtude

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To divide or split something into two distinct and often conflicting spiritual or essential parts. This verb describes the act of bifurcating a conceptual whole into a dualistic nature, often for the purpose of analysis or categorization.

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