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A large, powerful tropical cyclone that occurs in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, bringing heavy rain and strong winds. In Japan, they occur most frequently between July and October and are identified by numbers rather than names in daily news reporting.

A violent, rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground, often visible as a funnel-shaped cloud. In Japanese, the name literally means 'rolling dragon,' describing its swirling appearance as it ascends to the sky.

A flood refers to an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits, especially over what is normally dry land. It is commonly used to describe natural disasters caused by heavy rain or overflowing rivers.

A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall leading to a shortage of water. It is used to describe the environmental state and its resulting impact on agriculture and water supply.

An infectious disease or epidemic that spreads widely and rapidly among a population. It often refers to large-scale outbreaks and carries a historical or serious clinical nuance.

The process of a disease or feeling spreading from one person to another through contact or influence. It can refer to biological infections or the metaphorical spread of emotions like laughter or panic.

Infection refers to the process where viruses or bacteria enter the body and multiply. It is also used metaphorically for the spread of emotions, computer viruses, or habits.

Immunity refers to the body's ability to resist a particular infection or toxin via specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a state of being unaffected by something unpleasant because of previous exposure.

An antibody is a protective protein produced by your immune system to fight off harmful substances like viruses or bacteria. It acts like a specialized soldier that remembers specific germs to prevent you from getting sick from the same thing twice.

Microscopic single-celled organisms that can be found everywhere, including inside the human body. While some cause diseases, many are beneficial for health and the environment.